Hundreds of varieties were recognized in Europe before the settlement of the Americas. Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. This is because seedling apples are an example of "extreme heterozygotes", in that rather than inheriting genes from their parents to create a new apple with parental characteristics, they are instead significantly different from their parents, perhaps to compete with the many pests. Apples may also be stored in inert gases or in controlled atmospheres. Apple TV is a digital media player and microconsole developed and sold by Apple Inc. High and low heart rate notifications. The apple's many parts are helpful in a wide variety of cooking chores as well. Tap Download and Install. The University of Reading's work is part of the European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources of which there are 38 countries participating in the Malus/Pyrus work group. [20], Malus sieversii is recognized as a major progenitor species to the cultivated apple, and is morphologically similar. 100 gram amount", "How to understand and use the nutrition facts label", https://www.epicurious.com/ingredients/apple-of-my-eye-gallery, "European Organic Apple Production Demonstrates the Value of Pesticides", "United States: GM non-browning Arctic apple expands into foodservice", "Okanagan Specialty Fruits: Biotechnology Consultation Agency Response Letter BNF 000132", "Apple intake and cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies", Oral allergy syndrome may explain mysterious reactions, "Humor and Philosophy Relating to Apples", PRI disease resistant apple breeding program, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apple&oldid=992270029, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Old English (ca. Dwarf rootstocks became common by the 15th century and later went through several cycles of popularity and decline throughout the world. The…. In Europe a larger fraction of the crop goes for cider, wine, and brandy. Davidson concludes that in the figure of Iðunn "we must have a dim reflection of an old symbol: that of the guardian goddess of the life-giving fruit of the other world. Description Apple Inc. designs, manufactures, and markets smartphones, personal computers, tablets, wearables, and accessories worldwide. Of the total world production, one-fourth goes for cider. [80], The enzyme, polyphenol oxidase, causes browning in sliced or bruised apples, by catalyzing the oxidation of phenolic compounds to o-quinones, a browning factor. This reference page can help answer the question what are some adjectives commonly used for describing APPLES. Cultivars vary in their yield and the ultimate size of the tree, even when grown on the same rootstock. The current CEO, Steve Jobs, spent $100 million marketing the iMac, which was a run-away hit. [90] The United States National Library of Medicine's Hazardous Substances Data Bank records no cases of amygdalin poisoning from consuming apple seeds. Granny Smith. • Iphone Wallpaper Downloads - Review of Iphone Nova Member Site • Information On The Iphone Battery • Is The iPhone Worth The Money? Through distillation, various alcoholic beverages can be produced, such as applejack, Calvados, and apfelwein. That feature and others -- such as an improved floppy drive design and a low-cost hard drive that made data retrieval faster and more reliable -- helped Apple cultivate a reputation for innovation, which the company still enjoys today. Filtered juice is often concentrated and frozen, then reconstituted later and consumed. Most of these cultivars are bred for eating fresh (dessert apples), though some are cultivated specifically for cooking (cooking apples) or producing cider. Our latest episode for parents features the topic of empathy. Season: Year Round. Damage is caused to apples by the rosy apple aphid. Apple definition is - the fleshy, usually rounded red, yellow, or green edible pome fruit of a usually cultivated tree (genus Malus) of the rose family; also : an apple tree. [15][16] The first whole genome assembly was estimated to contain around 57,000 genes,[17] though the more recent genome sequences support more moderate estimates between 42,000 and 44,700 protein coding genes. [32], Davidson notes a connection between apples and the Vanir, a tribe of gods associated with fertility in Norse mythology, citing an instance of eleven "golden apples" being given to woo the beautiful Gerðr by Skírnir, who was acting as messenger for the major Vanir god Freyr in stanzas 19 and 20 of Skírnismál. Varieties that ripen in late autumn may be stored for as long as one year, however. It is considered one of the Big Five companies in the U.S. information technology industry, along with Amazon, Google, Microsoft, and Facebook. There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples, resulting in a range of desired characteristics. Trees and fruit are prone to a number of fungal, bacterial and pest problems, which can be controlled by a number of organic and non-organic means. [33] Rerir's wife's consumption of the apple results in a six-year pregnancy and the birth (by Caesarean section) of their son—the hero Völsung. [75], Apples are sometimes used as an ingredient in savory foods, such as sausage and stuffing.[76]. [10][11][12], Apple is diploid, though triploid cultivars are not uncommon, has 17 chromosomes and an estimated genome size of approximately 650 Mb. [43] The tree of the forbidden fruit is called "the tree of the knowledge of good and evil" in Genesis 2:17, and the Latin for "good and evil" is bonum et malum. Orchard mason bees are also used as supplemental pollinators in commercial orchards. Three goddesses claimed the apple: Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. Rootstocks marked with an "MM" prefix are Malling-series cultivars later crossed with trees of 'Northern Spy' in Merton, England. [56], Because apples do not breed true when planted as seeds, although cuttings can take root and breed true, and may live for a century, grafting is usually used. Different cultivars are bred for various tastes and use, including cooking, eating raw and cider production. Apples can be canned, dried or frozen. Apple iPhone: Touch and revel. Among the most serious disease problems are a bacterial disease called fireblight, and two fungal diseases: Gymnosporangium rust and black spot. Apple reserves the right to refuse or limit the quantity of any device for any reason. This is ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ab(e)l-, but the precise original meaning and the relationship between both words[clarification needed] is uncertain. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The apple is a pome (fleshy) fruit, in which the ripened ovary and surrounding tissue both become fleshy and edible. [67], Non-organic apples may be sprayed with 1-methylcyclopropene blocking the apples' ethylene receptors, temporarily preventing them from ripening.[68]. Introduced in 1984, the Macintosh was the first widely sold personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). These are thought to be hybrids between M. baccata and M. sieversii in Kazakhstan. The world crop of apples averages more than 60 million metric tons a year, the vast majority of which is produced by China. The apple is a fleshy fruit from the apple tree. There are four to seven pollination groups in apples, depending on climate: One cultivar can be pollinated by a compatible cultivar from the same group or close (A with A, or A with B, but not A with C or D).[64]. Commercially, apples can be stored for some months in controlled atmosphere chambers to delay ethylene-induced ripening. The East Malling Research Station conducted extensive research into rootstocks, and today their rootstocks are given an "M" prefix to designate their origin. She states this may imply that the apple was thought of by Brúnarson as the food of the dead. [73] Otherwise, there is low content of micronutrients, with the Daily Values of all falling below 10%, indicating a nutritionally poor food source.[74]. As a Specialist in Los Angeles, Mariana understands the importance of connecting with … Rolling hilltops or the sloping sides of hills are preferred because they provide “air drainage,” allowing the colder, heavier air to drain away to the valley below during frosty spring nights, when blossoms or young fruit would be destroyed by exposure to cold. [61], Farms with apple orchards open them to the public so consumers can pick their own apples. [53] Extremely sweet apples with barely any acid flavor are popular in Asia,[53] especially the Indian Subcontinent. [82][83] The US Food and Drug Administration in 2015, and Canadian Food Inspection Agency in 2017, determined that Arctic apples are as safe and nutritious as conventional apples. Apple Inc. Apple Inc is one of the leading companies in the world and deals majorly in manufacturing and selling of consumer electronics, computer software, and other online services. Learn how cider is made on a family farm in Normandy, France. [47], There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples. For long holding, temperatures only slightly above the freezing point of the fruit are generally desirable. Generally, apple cultivars are propagated by grafting onto rootstocks, which control the size of the resulting tree. It uses a multi-touch interface in which simple gestures operate the device, such as swiping your finger across the screen to move to the next page or pinching your fingers to zoom out. Apple Watch is a line of smartwatches produced by Apple Inc. Improved transportation of fresh apples by train and road replaced the necessity for storage. [78] Due to infestations by key insects and diseases, organic production is difficult in Europe. Management during the six to eight years before appreciable apple production is reached may consist of little more than protection from competing vegetation and pests. [49] Different cultivars are available for temperate and subtropical climates. Controlled atmosphere facilities use high humidity, low oxygen, and controlled carbon dioxide levels to maintain fruit freshness. [36], Though the forbidden fruit of Eden in the Book of Genesis is not identified, popular Christian tradition has held that it was an apple that Eve coaxed Adam to share with her. [13] However, this first whole genome sequence turned out to contain several errors[14] in part owing to the high degree of heterozygosity in diploid apple which, in combination with an ancient genome duplication, complicated the assembly. About one-sixth is canned as pie stock and applesauce. Apples were eaten by the earliest Europeans. The association between Jobs and Wozniak, in particular, dates back to 1971, when they first met at Hewlett-Packard - where Wozniak worked - through a mutual friend.Both of them started a business in 1972 that saw them selling a device called “blue box” which allowe… Unusually for domesticated fruits, the wild M. sieversii origin is only slightly smaller than the modern domesticated apple.[22]. Freshly harvested, over-ripe fruits tend to have the highest levels of the protein that causes this reaction. [7] The skin may also be wholly or partly russeted i.e. It is in the species Malus domestica in the rose family Rosaceae. [52], Commercially popular apple cultivars are soft but crisp. [22], Among the traits selected for by human growers are size, fruit acidity, color, firmness, and soluble sugar. Swipe down and … An 1845 United States apples nursery catalogue sold 350 of the "best" cultivars, showing the proliferation of new North American cultivars by the early 19th century. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. For home storage, most cultivars of apple can be held for approximately two weeks when kept at the coolest part of the refrigerator (i.e. Available for … [65], Crops ripen at different times of the year according to the cultivar. Alexander the Great sent samples of dwarf apple trees to Aristotle's Lyceum. There was substantial apple production in the European classical antiquity, and grafting was certainly known then. [80][87], One form of apple allergy, often found in northern Europe, is called birch-apple syndrome and is found in people who are also allergic to birch pollen. [60] The words "seedling", "pippin", and "kernel" in the name of an apple cultivar suggest that it originated as a seedling. [35] For instance, in Greek mythology, the Greek hero Heracles, as a part of his Twelve Labours, was required to travel to the Garden of the Hesperides and pick the golden apples off the Tree of Life growing at its center. The skin is covered in a protective layer of epicuticular wax. The skin of ripe apples is generally red, yellow, green, pink, or russetted, though many bi- or tri-colored cultivars may be found. [4] This use is analogous to the French language use of pomme. Paris of Troy was appointed to select the recipient. [88], Breeding efforts have yet to produce a hypoallergenic fruit suitable for either of the two forms of apple allergy. [79] A light coating of kaolin, which forms a physical barrier to some pests, also may help prevent apple sun scalding. [84][85], Apple seed oil is obtained by pressing apple seeds for manufacturing cosmetics. 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