Sorghum stem extract fortified with pineapple juice and lemon grass had the highest inhibitory effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It’s likewise an excellent source of fiber, antioxidants, and protein. Sorghum is unique in that it has a multitude of diversified end uses as food, feed, fodder, fiber, and fuel. Sorghum bicolor is one of the most variable species. The S. bicolor leaf was extracted using procedures reported previously [20, 22, 24]. The specific epithet bicolor means two-coloured. 1980. The Plants Database includes the following 3 subspecies of Sorghum bicolor . Here’s our process. Sorghum syrup is lower in total sugar but higher in fructose, making it sweeter than molasses (10). Here is a detailed look at amaranth and its health benefits. Venezuelans toast and pulverize the seeds for diarrhea. Sweet sorghum: sweet, juicy stalks, used for animal fodder and sorghum syrup, can reach 14 feet tall. Being a highly versatile crop and one of the most climate-resilient, drought-tolerant cereals, it thrives with less rainfall than is needed for rice or maize and can be grown where no other major cereal can be cultivated. Ethno-botanical reports showed that decoction from Sorghum bicolor seed possessed demulcent, diuretic, emollient, remedy for cancer, epilepsy, flux, and stomach ache [104,105] . It spread to India by 4000 years ago and later to China and to southern Africa by about 1500 years ago. Plant Physiol. This article reviews the origin, nutritional content, and uses of sorghum. Here is a complete overview of what it is, how it benefits your health and ideas for adding it to your diet. •Antimicrobial Effects of Sorghum Drinks: Study evaluated the medicinal potentials of the sorghum drink (fortified and unfortified) with respect to inhibitory effect on the growth of Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lactobacillus sp., and Corynebacterium sp. Uses: Sorghum syrup is extracted from the plant by crushing the stalk. Parts used. Native Introduced Native and Introduced. What wild species and populations were ancestral to specific crops? The genus Sorghum is from the Italian name, sorgho. times, findings from medicinal plants research indicate that extracts from some plants both hepatotoxic and hematotoxic, while some are reported to possess both hepatoprotective and hemopoietic properties. Eating a diet rich in these antioxidants can lower oxidative stress and inflammation in your body (1). Sorghum is a strong grass and usually grows to a height of 0.6 to 2.4 metres (2 to 8 feet), sometimes reaching as high as 4.6 metres (15 feet). drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) Sorghum bicolor variety cultivar Parbhani Moti, an improved desi variety was used for gene expression related experiments.Sorghum plants were grown in earthen pots containing 4.5 kg of black clay soil (Vertisol) under glass house conditions with 28/20°C day/night temperatures. All rights reserved. S. bicolor habit of infructescences with spikelets of the 5 basic sorghum cultivar groups: 1, Bicolor; 2, Caudatum; 3, Durra; 4, Guinea; 5, Kafir. Sorghum is a cereal grain that’s widely produced around the world. The Salka people in northern Nigeria use sorghum in … Unlike other cereal crops, such as maize, wheat, and rice in which seed size in domesticated plants show limited variation, cultivated sorghums vary considerably in seed size. Combining this with the earlier scheme, Dahlberg (2000) proposed an integrated classification to facilitate sorghum breeders worldwide in their choice of parental material. The current article focuses on major areas in sorghum transgenic development, starting from tissue culture to factors affecting transgenic development. Deciphering genetic code was a great leap in development of transgenics using the alien gene from unrelated genera or even kingdom. It is used as a dye for mats, textiles, strips of palm leaves and grasses used in basketry and weaving, ornamental calabashes, wool, as a body paint and to colour cheese and lickstones for cattle[ Sorghum is an underrated, nutrient-rich cereal grain. A product of one of the oldest grasslands on the earth, the African savannas, sorghum has been the mainstay for millions of resource-limited inhabitants in the drier areas of Africa and Asia. Plant Materials and Stress Treatments. W.L. The leaves are about 5 cm (2 inches) broad and 76 cm (2.5 feet) long. Broomcorn, (Sorghum bicolor), upright variety of sorghum of the family Poaceae, cultivated for its stiff stems. This grass can also be used as a source of sugar, syrup (produced from sweet sorghum types), fiber, and feed grain. Kafir sorghum: thick stalks, large leaves, used for forage and grain. Several non-edible sorghum cultivars are exclusively grown for the red pigment present in the leaf sheaths and sometimes also in adjacent stem parts. It’s a significant source of many vitamins and minerals, fiber, and protein, all of which contribute to good health. In addition, users can learn about the location of vouchered specimens and see images to get a better visual for each plant. Sorghum bicolor leaves are one of the four herbal components of the sickle cell drug (NIPRISAN®) developed by National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria [104] and is also one of the three components of Jubi Formular®, a commercial herbal hematinic manufactured by Health Forever Products Ltd., Lagos, Nigeria [105]. The syrup is produced primarily in the United States and is used by the food industry as a substitute for sugar. It is also used for making a traditional corn broom. Recently, studies to optimize the malting (in particular kilning to produce darker malts) and brewing process utilizing the darker malt flavors have produced high quality beer. Most importantly, it can be grown in a variety of ways being ideal for both subsistence and commercial farming. It’s also converted into a syrup that’s used to sweeten many processed foods. This article reviews the origin, nutritional content, and uses of sorghum. Here are 19 foods high in starch. Sorghum has various applications in African traditional medicine: seed extracts are drunk to treat hepatitis, and decoctions of twigs with lemon against jaundice; leaves and panicles are included in plant mixtures for decoctions against anaemia. A Sorghum bicolor gene increases GA concentrations in GA- and tetcyclacis-responsive plants. Ethnobotanical Uses: Edible Plant Parts (Edible Fruits) Food (Fruit & Vegetable : The grains are ground into flour.) The grain is a major food in most of Africa, Asia, and Central America, while it is an important animal feed in the Americas and Australia. Uses . When did agriculture become a major alternative to hunting-gathering? Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, a C4 grass, ranks the fifth economically important cereal crop worldwide . When harvested and dried, these stiff bristles are processed and bound to form broom heads and brushes and are also used for wreaths and other decorations. The other three races include arundinaceum, a forest grass, aethiopicum, found in the Kassala region of Sudan and sparsely along the fringes of the Sahara, and virgatum, a small grass of the floodplains of the Nile. (Division of Agriculture photo by Gerald Klingaman) Our society is in a constant state of flux, casting off the old for a new and improved version of the future. Beer has been produced from sorghum in many African countries for decades, either because there was no other grain source available or through preference. Common English name: Sorghum, milo, great millet, jowari, durra. Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (Naga Red) red leaves is an ingredient used in rice and beans that is known as “waakye” in the Hausa language in some African countries. Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum (/ ˈsɔːrɡəm /) and also known as great millet, durra, jowari / jowar, or milo, is a grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used for food for humans, animal feed, and ethanol production. Three Sorghum bicolor genotypes differing in one photoperiodism gene have normal phytochrome but different R/FR light sensitivity. Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, is an annual or perennial grass in the family Poaceae grown primarily for its grain.Sorghum has an erect solid stem with one or more tillers (additional shoot that grows subsequent to the parent shoot) and curving leaves which are arranged alternately on the stems and are lance-like in shape, measuring 30–135 cm (12–53 in) in length. Stalks and leaves are coated with a white wax, and the pith, or central portion, of the stalks of certain varieties is juicy and sweet. Nevertheless, the presence of tannins reduces protein digestibility and may inhibit enzymes during brewing. Amaranth is an ancient grain that is loaded with healthy nutrients. Finally, it’s used as a natural fuel source. As the fiber content is high, consume the extract lead might help as the best digestive … Furthermore, half a cup (96 grams) of sorghum provides approximately 20% of the recommended daily fiber intake. Although sorghum is less known in the Western world, it’s the fifth most produced cereal crop in the world, with an annual production of around 57.6 million tons. Grain sorghum is one of four major types of Sorghum bicolor. Agriculture - Forestry ( It is fermented and processed into silage for use as animal feed during the winter. The stomachic seeds are considered beneficial in fluxes (Perry, 1980). The impact of chronic inflammatory conditions on immune function is substantial, and the simultaneous application of anti-inflammatory and immune modulating modalities has potential for reducing inflammation-induced immune suppression. Sorghum bicolor is an annual plant having its different parts widely used in TM. The availability of the full genome sequence [ 10 ] makes sorghum a C4 model plant in addition to the C3 plants Arabidopsis and rice to study gene products involved in adaptation to drought stress. Sorghum bicolor variety cultivar Parbhani Moti, an improved desi variety was used for gene expression related experiments.Sorghum plants were grown in earthen pots containing 4.5 kg of black clay soil (Vertisol) under glass house conditions with 28/20°C day/night temperatures. In its whole form, this grain can be cooked like quinoa or rice, milled into a flour, or popped like popcorn. 1975. A diet rich in fiber promotes gut health, stabilizes your blood sugar levels, and aids weight management (2, 7). Yi-Hong Wang, ... Ismail Dweikat, in Genetic and Genomic Resources for Grain Cereals Improvement, 2016. Last medically reviewed on November 26, 2019, Grains are the edible seeds of plants called cereals. Sorghum bicolor has a haploid chromosome number of 10, containing 530 Mb with 33,000 protein-coding genes. Sorghum used for grain typically grows 60 to 120 cm tall (Carter et al. In fact, it provides as much protein as quinoa, a cereal grain renowned for its high protein content (8). SORGHUM -Broomcorn is a big cornlike annual grass that used to be an important plant in American agriculture. Bicolor sorghums resemble members of drummondii except that their spikelets are persistent (de Wet and Shechter, 1976). Sorghum is a nutrient-packed grain that has been around for centuries. Sorghum boasts an impressive nutrient profile. The use of representative subsets, such as minicore collection, is helping researchers find new genetic variations associated with agronomically beneficial traits for use in breeding and genomics research of sorghum (Upadhyaya et al., 2014a). Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. The variation is also reflected in seed size. Sorghum bicolor red leaves were obtained from Northern Ghana, West Africa as previously reported in detail . It is also known as Sorghum vulgare.This grows wild in Pakistan and India and is sometimes used in traditional medicine as a soothing herb for digestion, and a decoction of the seeds can be made into a paste for skin problems and irritation. 1990. Anthropological evidence suggests that hunter-gatherers were exceedingly familiar with wild forms of sorghum as early as 8000 BC (Smith and Frederiksen, 2000). If you have celiac disease or a gluten sensitivity, it's important to avoid the protein gluten. 4. – Galician / Galego: Sorgo – Portuguese / Português: Sorgo – Basque / Euskara: Basartoa – Italian / Italiano: Sorgo, sagina – Romanian / Română: Sorg – French / Français: Sorgo commun – German / Deutsch: Mohrenhirse, Milo, Besenkorn, Guineakorn, Shallu, – Polish/ Polski: Sorgo – Dutch /N… Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the world's fifth most important cereal after maize, rice, wheat, and barley. – Spanish / Castellano: Sorgo, grano milo, maíz de Guinea, mijo grande, sorgo blanco – Catalan / Català: Melca, sorgo, dacsa de bou, mill de les Índies. Last update February 18, 1999 by ch. It’s rich in vitamins and minerals like B vitamins, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc. In some countries, sweet sorghum stalks are used for producing biofuel by squeezing the juice and then fermenting it into ethanol. Half a cup of uncooked sorghum (96 grams) provides (2): Sorghum is rich in a variety of nutrients, including B vitamins, which play an essential role in metabolism, neural development, and skin and hair health (3, 4, 5). The typical variety, Sorghum bicolor bicolor, tends to be less tall with wider leaf blades than Sorghum bicolor drummondii.The typical variety of this grass also has a more compact inflorescence with more exposed grains than the latter variety, and it tends to shatter less quickly with age. Reproduced from the series 'Plant Resources of South-East Asia', by kind permission of the PROSEA Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia. Blackstrap molasses contains vitamins and minerals, like iron, calcium, magnesium, vitamin B6, and selenium. White food-grade sorghum flour contains about 10% protein and about 3.3% fat (for most unsaturated fats), higher than that of wheat. Cover Crop: Sorghum is used as a drought tolerant, summer annual rotational cover crop either alone or seeded in a warm season cover crop mixture. Why were some species more amenable to domestication and others not? We include products we think are useful for our readers. Texas A&M University in the United States is currently running trials to find the best varieties for ethanol production from sorghum leaves and stalks in the USA. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. Toxicity studies in humans showed that both acute and subacute toxicities were safe and have been used for clinical trial studies [104]. (1970) described the various groups of cultivated sorghum and identified their historical geographic distribution. Ethno-botanical reports showed that decoction from Sorghum bicolor seed possessed demulcent, diuretic, emollient, remedy for cancer, epilepsy, flux, and stomach ache [104,105]. Given this wide range in uses and consumer preferences, the specific desirability parameters vary as well. Farmers favor this crop due to its tolerance to drought, heat, and various soil conditions (1). Glen P. Fox, in Beer in Health and Disease Prevention, 2009. S. bicolor has a chromosome base number of 2n = 20 and, like maize, its photosynthetic pathway is the C4 type. Health benefits of sorghum bicolor herb It is a very effective medicinal herb to treat cancer including lung cancer, anemia, diabetes, high cholesterol, osteoporosis, pains in the body, headache, cataract, inflammation, sickle cell anemia as well as constipation. Grain sorghum (Figure 1) (less than 6 feet tall) is usually shorter than forage sorghum (Figure 2) (6–15 feet), and may be planted for fe… While you may have never heard of sorghum before, this grain has been around for centuries. This study examined selected anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties in vitroof Jobelyn™, containing the polyphenol-rich leaf sheaths from a West African variant of Sorghum bicolor(SBLS). These variations may be partly attributed to the widespread coexistence with its wild relatives in the center of origin. Three Sorghum bicolor genotypes differing in one photoperiodism gene have normal phytochrome but different R/FR light sensitivity. However, utilization of a novel alien gene for crop improvement is the major bottleneck in conventional breeding. According to Morton (1981) Curacao natives drink the leaf decoction for measles, grinding the seeds with those of the calabash tree ( Cresentia ) for lung ailments. 93(Suppl. Little is known about its benefits aside from its colourant properties. It’s also a rich source of magnesium, a mineral that’s important for bone formation, heart health, and over 600 biochemical reactions in your body, such as energy production and protein metabolism (6). Description Sorghum bicolor is an important cereal and a staple crop in Africa, where it has been used traditionally by healers for the treatment of anemia and other health conditions. Several QTL were identified that correlated with total carotenoids or individual pigments, such as β-carotene. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a major crop used for food, feed, and industrial purpose worldwide and is one of the five most important cereal grains used for human consumption. 1. For those looking for a gluten-free grain, sorghum is a super healthy option. Most varieties are drought - and heat-tolerant, and nitrogen -efficient, and are especially important in arid regions, where the grain is one of … Yellow endosperm varieties contain provitamin A carotenoids and diverse collections of sorghum landraces have been analysed to quantify pigment diversity, including a collection of 164 landraces from Niger and Nigeria (Fernandez et al., 2009). ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081018798000073, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081018798000024, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128000182000182, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123864796000056, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128020005000058, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123944375001984, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081005293000013, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123849472006371, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123738912000560, Breeding Sorghum for Diverse End Uses, 2019, Tissue Culture and Genetic Transformation in Sorghum bicolor, D. Balakrishna, ... B. Venkatesh Bhat, in, Origin, Domestication and Diffusion of Sorghum bicolor, Safe African Medicinal Plants for Clinical Studies, Theophine Chinwuba Okoye, ... Emeka K. Okereke, in, Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants, Biosynthesis of Vitamins in Plants Part A, Abby J. Cuttriss, ... Barry J. Pogson, in, Genetic and Genomic Resources for Grain Cereals Improvement, THE PRODUCTION AND GENETICS OF FOOD GRAINS, Encyclopedia of Food Grains (Second Edition), Introduction to cereals and pseudocereals and their production, Kent's Technology of Cereals (Fifth Edition), www.nap.edu/catalog/2305/lost-crops-of-africa-volume-i-grains. All rights reserved. Although sorghum is often used as a forage source, sorghum grain is used as food in many countries. Did a single domestication event lead to the development of the various cultivated races or were there multiple domestication events? bicolor, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles. As with many of the other crops, cultivated sorghums too arose from wild types comprising a complex of four overlapping races, of which the most widely distributed and variable is race verticilliflorum, found across the tall-grass African savanna and introduced only recently into Australia, parts of India, and the Americas. Then again, vis-a-vis sorghum, when and where did domestication start? As a grain, sorghum is used as a both a food and feed crop primarily based on its historical use in each production region. SORGHUM -Broomcorn is a big cornlike annual grass that used to be an important plant in American agriculture. Comments: Because there are so many cultivated strains of this grass, it is highly variable in appearance. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. The syrup is made from the juice of sorghum, while molasses comes from sugarcane. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is an important grain, forage, and bioenergy crop grown throughout the world. de Wet & Harlan Show All Show Tabs common wild sorghum However, for sorghum the structure of the storage proteins differs somewhat to barley and wheat in that sorghum has lower levels of proline and there are no reported toxic protein sequences. Description Sorghum bicolor is an important cereal and a staple crop in Africa, where it has been used traditionally by healers for the treatment of anemia and other health conditions. Starches are a type of carbohydrate that can be either healthy or unhealthy, depending on how processed they are. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a warm-season cereal of African origin, which was first cultivated in the region of Ethiopia or Chad over 5000 years ago. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. arundinaceum (Desv.) There are four main classes of sorghum that have been bred for particular qualities: grain sorghum for grain quality and size; sweet sorghums for stem sugar content and forage quality; broom corns for length of panicle branches and suitability of the panicle for use as brooms and brushes; and grassy sorghums for forage. This article takes a close look at grains and their health effects, both the good stuff and the…, Replacing refined grains in favor of whole grains has been linked to various health benefits. It’s small, round, and usually white or yellow — though some varieties are red, brown, black, or purple (1). Growers must be prepared to scout and prevent injury from insects in sorghum. ):5 (ABSTRACT). In addition, sorghum is high in antioxidants like flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins. Sorghum is versatile and easy to add to a wealth of recipes. The Plants Database includes the following 3 subspecies of Sorghum bicolor . Furthermore, you can enjoy this whole grain as a hearty side dish. Cover Crop: Sorghum is used as a drought tolerant, summer annual rotational cover crop either alone or seeded in a warm season cover crop mixture. Broomcorn sorghum: has multiple branches and is used for making brooms. Sorghum is an ancient cereal grain belonging to the grass family Poaceae. 2.1. 20 In this study, we tested dried Sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths (SBLS) domesticated from a wild variety that is native to west Africa. There are many species of sorghum, the most popular being Sorghum bicolor, which is native to Africa. Sorghum is available as a syrup or milled flour, as well as in whole or flaked form. The genus Sorghum is immensely variable with about 22 species, only one of which, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, contributes to the wide range of cultivated sorghums. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. In North America, sorghum is commonly used in animal feed and ethanol fuel production. Phytochemistry 14(9):2049–2053. However, compared to barley or wheat beers, sorghum beers have been historically lower in quality. These two are entirely different herbs, please be informed and do not get confused. Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, is an annual or perennial grass in the family Poaceae grown primarily for its grain.Sorghum has an erect solid stem with one or more tillers (additional shoot that grows subsequent to the parent shoot) and curving leaves which are arranged alternately on the stems and are lance-like in shape, measuring 30–135 cm (12–53 in) in length. Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum (/ ˈ s ɔːr ɡ ə m /) and also known as great millet, durra, jowari / jowar, or milo, is a grass species cultivated for its grain, which is used for food for humans, animal feed, and ethanol production.Sorghum originated in Africa, and is now cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical regions. Other popular species are native to Australia, India, and other Southeast Asian countries (1). Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (Naga Red) red leaves is an ingredient used in rice and beans that is known as "waakye" in the Hausa language in some African countries. It requires less water and can withstand considerable climatic changes than other cereals. Agriculture - Forestry ( It is fermented and processed into silage for use as animal feed during the winter. The best advantage of this crop is that it has a high resistance to drought. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. 93(Suppl. What’s more, it’s easy to replace rice or quinoa with whole sorghum in most recipes. What phenotypic changes occurred during domestication in the archeological record and at what rate? In most recipes, it can replace grains at a 1:1 ratio. and MORGAN, P.W. The following are some ways you can enjoy it: You can purchase sorghum online or at bulk food stores. Here are 12 healthy ancient…. Sorghum carries out carbon fixation through the C4 pathway and is an ideal grass model for comparison with rice which uses the C3 pathway. Sorghum, currently classified as S. bicolor, was formerly known as S. vulgarePers. Preparation of crude extracts and fractions. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) Cultivation and uses. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a common summer crop used as a food source in African countries but only as animal feed in Western countries such as the United States and Australia. – Sweet juicy stems used for forage and silage or to produce syrup. (Division of Agriculture photo by Gerald Klingaman) Our society is in a constant state of flux, casting off the old for a new and improved version of the future. So called ‘bird-resistant, bird-proof or bird-repellent’ sorghums contain condensed tannins, in the nucellar layer and pericarp, that are distasteful to birds and give the crops some protection. It grows in a tropical climate. Sorghum, also called milo, is truly a versatile crop. The leaves are about 5 cm (2 inches) broad and 76 cm (2.5 feet) long. These four wild races are classified under S. bicolor subsp.
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