While some argue these shrubs have wildlife value because of this, much of the plant contains an incredibly toxic compound called emodin. Every little bit counts! And it's so prolific and tough, it can grow through sidewalks, driveways and ⦠Deer and wolves tend to move out of areas with pervasive buckthorn, while coyotes are more likely to be found in urban locations with buckthorn – presumably because they provide cover. Some nonnative species have been harmless or even beneficial for the Great Lakes, such as the introduced salmon that now delight Great Lakes anglers. There is considerable work to do in Michigan to stop the spread of these species. Examples of non-native plants include: 1. However, this tree is now under attack by a harmful invasive species, the hemlock woolly adelgid, or HWA (Adelges tsugae). Like fanwort, a thick root system makes it difficult to get rid of, as it will simply regrow from any broken roots that remain in the ground. Persicaria perfoliata, an invasive weed otherwise known as devil's tail, tearthumb and mile-a-minute, has been found in Michigan. As someone who has or would like to have a pond and/or garden, it’s exceptionally important to understand which plants are native and invasive to your area. Long stems that extend from the bottom of waterways all the way to the surface make travel by fish and other animals quite difficult, and blocks waters so that even boats have a difficult time getting through. Curly-leaf pondweed has fairly recently emerged as a problematic invasive species in Michigan, establishing itself in many waterways within the last few years and spreading quickly. The reed, when fully mature, grows to nearly 15 feet in height, frequently obscuring waterfront views and even blocking waterway access. However, it began to escape cultivation as early as the late 20th century, particularly within the Great Lakes Basin states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and, of course, Michigan. If a rose does not have these hairy stipules, it is very likely a native variety. Purple loosestrife 2. The primary issues with Carolina fanwort are its ability to choke out native plants and block waterways so that it’s more difficult for fish, animals, and watercraft to get through. If you gently pull at a leaf and look at where it meets the stem, you will see a thin, transparent sheath or membrane sticking up known as a ligule. This helps the plant to grow and spread quite quickly with little hindrance. It can be found in wetlands, moist grasslands and fields, ditches, and along water edges. Michigan's Invasive Species Program is cooperatively implemented by the Michigan Departments of Agriculture & Rural Development, Environmental Quality and Natural Resources. These flowers, and its unique leaves with their silvery sheen and tart berries often used for jams, have made this plant incredibly popular in landscaping. All three birds are white and the easiest way to tell them apart is by the coloration of their bills. Local Concern: Since the first discovery in Michigan in 2002, this invasive beetle has killed tens of millions of ash trees in Michigan, both in forests and in neighborhoods. It climbs and overtakes native trees and shrubs, including girdling trunks and branches. Native primarily to South America, its attractive, vibrantly green underwater foliage and ability to oxygenate and filter water have led to its popularity and dispersal worldwide. Non-native plant species pose a significant threat to the natural ecosystems of the United States. It can be found in just about any permanent water source with still or slow-moving water. Top Invasive Aquatic & Marginal Plants in Michigan, 1. Click on an accepted name below to view its PLANTS Profile with more information, and web links if available. Spotted knapweed is among one of the most common and yet unassuming invasive plants in Michigan. There is a wealth of information about invasive species listed on their website. This research is funded by the Department of Entomology at Michigan State University, the Michigan Invasive Species Grant Program of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, the Sustainable Michigan Endowed Project, and the C.S. The plant ranges in height from 6-13 feet. “The plant … This in turn results in an even greater reduction in ecosystem functioning, and, by extension, the natural resources that we depend on for survival, as only a fraction of the plant and animal species remain. Trumpeter bills are all black and tundra … Pondinformer.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com, amazon.ca, and amazon.co.uk. This isn’t the only way that oriental bittersweet is harmful, though. Wildlife, fish, and humans alike find it almost impossible to move through, and if you try you will almost certainly get punctured by the incredibly tough stems (trust us – we’ve been there). Here are a few tips to get rid of them or at least stop them from spreading. The impact of exotic invasive species on our forests in the U.S. is staggering. Their spreading capabilities are the perfect solution to filling in blank spaces in the yard or to create fence trees for a living border wall to give you privacy.. For example, bindweed or Morning Glory is quite pretty and can cover a trellis in no time. New Clean Boats, Clean Waters grants available for outreach activities, Time to check trees for hemlock woolly adelgid, Hemlock woolly adelgid found in Ludington State Park, Prune oak trees in winter to prevent oak wilt, MDARD urges continued vigilance after dead spotted lanternfly cases identified in Michigan. We may be a bit biased here, but multiflora rose is among our most-hated invasive species on this list (it’s possible that we’ve fallen prey to its tangled branches covered in thorns a time or two). 4 Also designated as an invasive aquatic plant statewide under s. What are non-native and invasive species? Learn about invasive species currently found in Michigan, where they are located, how to identify them and report new sightings through the Midwest Invasive Species Information Network at misin.msu.edu. The term invasive species refers to a subset of introduced species or non-indigenous species that are rapidly expanding outside of their native range. ALBION, Mich. (WILX) - The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) confirmed a new invasive plant at Albion College’s Whitehouse Nature Center in Calhoun County. Just a few decades ago, it was viewed as being incredibly valuable to wildlife, as deer and some birds use it for cover and eat the silvery-red berries it produces in the autumn (hence its common name). Native to Asia, oriental bittersweet was brought here as a charming, trailing ornamental plant. Many non-native species in Michigan, including fruits, vegetables, field crops, livestock and domestic … It also forms dense stands over time, disrupts nutrient cycling and soil health, and displaces native plants, birds, and insects. Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) Spotted knapweed is commonly found in dryer soils, such as pastures, grasslands, open upland woods, and sunny yards and gardens. Giant Knotweed. There are many native Potamogeton species in Michigan, so do try to utilize those if you wish to have pondweed. Even if you only have or want a small amount of Eurasian watermilfoil, know that it spreads readily and is difficult to remove all root fragments to prevent regrowth. A native of Asia, autumn olive can grow up to 20 feet tall (though 5 to 10 is more common), and has very sweetly scented, small creamy-white flowers that bloom in early summer. Phragmites grows well in just about any damp location, be it along rivers, in the edges of lakes or ponds, or ditches alongside roads. Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), backyard garden can truly be a safe haven, Michigan Natural Features Inventory guide, Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org, Curly-leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton crispus), Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum), European Frogbit (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae), Phragmites/European Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Rob Routledge, Sault College, Bugwood.org, alder-leaved buckthorn (Rhamnus alnifolia), Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), Swamp Sunflower Facts, Care & Planting Guide (Helianthus angustifolius), Mexican Butterfly Weed Care & Planting Guide (Asclepias curassavica), 13 Shade Loving Plants for Around Ponds [Updated], How to Plant & Grow Common Cowslip (Primula veris), How to Plant & Grow Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus), How to Plant & Grow American Water Willow (Justicia americana), Soft Rush Facts, Care, & Planting Guide (Juncus effusus), Giant Arrowhead Facts, Care, & Planting Guide (Sagittaria montevidensis), Complete Guide to Utsurimono Koi 2020 [Updated], Do Pond Fish Hibernate? Phragmites is our number one most loathed invasive plant on this list. Purple loosestrife can be found in every state in the US except Florida, and is often seen in damp ditches along roadsides, wetlands, near ponds, lakes and rivers, floodplains, and in gardens, fields, and landscaping where they have access to enough water. Endangered in its natural habitat yet proliferating at a concerning rate as an invasive species, the benefits and risks of keeping frog-bit varies wildly depending on location. The root systems are incredibly dense and thick, and so are the stands formed by the reeds. This plant needs a lot of room because its 6- to 10-foot tall plants spread rapidly by rhizomes and form large colonies. Phragmites/European Common Reed (Phragmites australis), 6. Invasive Species Executive Order 13112. Invasive Species in Michigan: A Quick Look Michigan has been invaded by a number of harmful exotic plants and animals. That watch-listing helped White realize the plant… This plant is another that’s on the restricted list, and is incredibly illegal to own, spread, sell, etc. For example, a wetland in the American Midwest that has lost much of its native vegetation, such as red-osier dogwood, rushes, monkeyflower, and pickerelweed to invasive species like reed canary grass and phragmites are much less able to filter out pollutants and excess nutrients. I hope this talk (and blog) promotes the recognition of these invasive plants. Mott Predoctoral Fellowship in Sustainable Agriculture at Michigan State University. Another unfortunately very common invasive species in Michigan (and one of the most destructive), purple loosestrife is still often purchased and planted by gardeners and landscapers due to its beautiful, tall purple blooms. Invasive plants can reduce biodiversity, imperil rare species, reduce wildlife habitat by eliminating native foods or changing cover or nest sites, degrade water quality, reduce forest and farm crop production, and cause human health problems. It was initially used to help prevent erosion and as a sort of “living fence,” but thankfully has since been recognized as terribly invasive, but unfortunately is still widely sold and cultivated by those unaware of how terribly damaging it is. However, as with fanwort, these benefits aren’t actually benefits outside of its native range. Learn about invasive species currently found in Michigan, where they are located, how to identify them and report new sightings through the Midwest Invasive Species Information Network at misin.msu.edu. Like most other grasses, its lightweight seeds spread easily on the wind, furthering its distribution, along with its strong, far-spreading rhizomes. If you see bright yellow, glossy leaves on vines that readily encompass other plants and structures, it’s very likely oriental bittersweet. The dense vines weigh down tree canopies, causing limbs to break. The goal of this regional resource is to assist both experts and citizen scientists in the detection and identification of invasive species in support of the successful management of invasive species. The two can be distinguished by their leaves – northern watermilfoil has leaves with 11 or fewer segments per side of the leaf and a stem that is largely the same width throughout, while Eurasian watermilfoil has leaves with 12 or more segments per side and a stem that is on average twice the width below its flowers as the rest of the stem. Not the Problem. It’s often still harvested for its strong, characteristic garlic-flavored leaves, which are used to make pesto, dips, and dried spice mixtures. Many non-native species are considered invasive, as they are free from natural predators, reproduce rapidly, … Few shrubs put on a better fall foliage display. Your Guide to an Invasive Plant. Some invasive plants listed are quite attractive. Now state officials are trying to find out if it’s growing … And if there’s a Michigan invasive plant not on this list that you’d like to know more about, comment below! In fact, it’s a restricted plant in Michigan and should be reported using the Midwest Invasive Species reporting tool. Bittersweet can even kill mature trees through strangling. A woody vine capable of climbing over 60 feet, oriental bittersweet can be found trailing along the ground toward the beginning of its life and completely encompassing trees later on. Here we are going to focus solely on some of the most notoriously invasive aquatic and terrestrial plants in Michigan. Invasive Species - (Fallopia japonica) Prohibited in Michigan Japanese knotweed is a perennial shrub that can grow from 3 - 10 feet high. Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), 7. Related: 11 invasive species to watch out for in Michigan. As with most of the aquatic species on this list, its establishment outside of its native range of Eurasia is due to its popularity in aquaculture and the ability to easily purchase just about any plant online regardless of location. In the Midwest, though, it’s become incredibly invasive as mass agriculture and commercial seed mixtures have accidentally led to its establishment here. Unlike the other species on this list, reed canarygrass is actually native to portions of the US. It is often planted in gardens for its fragrant whitish-pink flowers and ease of growth. It often takes 5-10 years of repeated treatment to deplete this grass’s seed bank from the soil. Within only a couple of years, it forms dense mats that block sunlight to other aquatic plants – even though fanwort is a natural oxygenator, this incongruously results in plant death and decay, which in turn depletes oxygen levels overall and can cause water stagnation. You can easily distinguish it, though, by its shorter stature – alder-leaved buckthorn is typically under 3 feet tall, whereas both invasive varieties grow up to 20 feet tall. We’re hoping to curb that, at least a bit! Similar to autumn olive, buckthorn is commonly planted as an ornamental shrub or small tree, but easily escapes cultivation as birds and other organisms eat the dark purple, almost black, berries and spread them about to different habitats and even across countries as they migrate. Phragmites (pictured below) is an invasive reed found across the state. For example, the porcelainberry has intriguing turquoise and purple fruit. A Michigan Nature Guy Blog post. A species is regarded as invasive if it: While the names sound interesting and exotic, the results of these species establishing themselves in Great Lakes waters could be devastating. Many of the species included in this list are actually beautiful plants. Spotted knapweed is among one of the most common and yet unassuming invasive plants in Michigan. Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), 4. Your backyard garden can truly be a safe haven for many organisms. Conservation groups are seeking volunteers to work on invasive species control. A Field Identification Guide to Invasive Plants in Michigan’s Natural Communities A resource for public land managers, land stewards and volunteers engaged in conserving & restoring Michigan’s native plant & animal communities Michigan … Reed canarygrass possesses this transparent ligule, while our native grasses do not. This species is included on Michiganâs watch list, and is the reason for the CAKE CISMAâs diligent winter survey efforts. Mature Phragmites stand in Michigan Phragmites (pictured below) is an invasive reed found across the state. The negative effects that these invasive species present to the local environment include: Reduced biodiversity; Altered hydrologic and/or soil conditions Its introduction to and widespread establishment in Michigan and, by extension, North America, is due to its featherlike leaves that adeptly filter and oxygenate water, making it a popular aquaculture plant. Invasive Plants. However, since the early 1800s, many non-native plants, animals, and microscopic organisms have been introduced into the Great Lakes, either accidentally or intentionally. Curly-leaf pondweed is very easy to distinguish from the native varieties, as it’s the only one with curly leaf edges. For example, oriental bittersweet, or Celastrus orbiculatus, is an invasive vine confirmed to be established in Michigan. Many non-native species in Michigan, including fruits, vegetables, field crops, livestock and domestic animals, are important to our economy and lifestyle. Invasive plant introduction to new areas by humans is one of the leading contributors to the loss of native biodiversity, wildlife habitat degradation, and damage to our vital natural resources. With its small, kidney or heart-shaped leaves that float atop the water’s surface, European frogbit’s introduction into Michigan and many other places outside of its native European range is due to its popularity in aquaculture and ornamental ponds. Not only that, but insects, birds, amphibians, and eventually even mammals move out of the area over time as they lose the cover, food sources, and clean water that were provided by those native plants. Starry stonewort loves the clean, clear, and calcium carbonate rich waters of Michiganâs inland lakes. Emodin leeched into soil and water from buckthorn directly results in birth defects and death in amphibians like frogs, and death in other animals that consume the berries or leaves. Though it doesn’t possess painful thorns or entangling vines, garlic mustard is another of our most scorned invasives. Spotted knapweed is allelopathic and as such is able to kill many nearby plants by exuding toxins into the soil – spotted knapweed often has barren areas around each plant, making it a bit easier to spot. The presence of countless sharp, strong thorns on each branch make it difficult to remove, and deter most animals from going near it. Battling invasive plants in Michigan (and elsewhere) is an ongoing, daunting task for the state departments of natural resources. Don’t underestimate this grass – it’s incredibly difficult to remove. Most are obligate wetland or aquatic species but several upland species were included as they appear to be spreading in wetlands. Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea), Top Invasive Terrestrial Plants in Michigan, 2. There is a native variety of phragmites in Michigan, Phragmites americanus. A native variety of loosestrife in Michigan, winged loosestrife (Lythrum alatum), is being exterminated by purple loosestrife. Invasive species newer to Michigan: Black swallow-wort To report an invasive species, go to the Midwest Invasive Species Information Network website and click on "Report" in the navigation bar at the top. By thick, we mean over 100 shoots per square meter! The native variety has smooth, red or purplish internodes (the area where leaves or a stem connects with another portion of the stem), while invasive phragmites has rough, yellow or tan colored internodes during the growing season. It’s a very hardy grass, drought tolerant and able to sit dormant in soil for years, so it’s been able to take over with gusto. There is a native variety of watermilfoil in Michigan: northern watermilfoil (Myriophyllum sibiricum). Its small leaves in the spring make it easy to miss, and bending down to tear them from the ground before they have a chance to flower is no small task in areas where they’ve become rampant. However, like the other plants on this list, it overtakes areas fast, and its curving, vine-like branches that can grow up to 16 feet tall adeptly choke out other plants. (Hibernation Explained), How to Fix Smelly Pond Water (Safe & Easy Treatments), Koi Fish Lice Treatment Guide 2020 (Get Rid of Pond Lice), Wildlife Pond Maintenance Guide (Cleaning Advice), Guide to Different Types of Pond Algae (With Pictures). The Great Lakes region is rich with life and full of native species well-adapted to survival. Aquatic Invasive Species Regulations. A Field Identification Guide to Invasive Plants in Michigan's Natural Communities. Effects of these unwanted invaders can affect human and ecosystem health, forest products, property values and outdoor recreation opportunities. European Frogbit (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae), 5. It is thought that, since it’s not an overly desirable plant, spotted knapweed was accidentally introduced to North America in the late 1800s via contaminated bags of seeds and soil. Species included in this guide were drawn from regional and national lists of invasive plants, Michigan’s listing of prohibited and restricted species and suggestions by MNFI and DNRE field staff. 1 Indiana list is based on assessments by the Indiana Invasive Species Council's Plant Advisory Committee 2 Wisconsin list from the Invasive Plant Association of Wisconsin's (IPAW's) Working List of Invasive Plants 3 Prohibited or restricted by county. The law prohibits bringing the plant into the state or moving it around within Michigan. Photo by AnRo0002, Creative Commons License. See text of state law for more detail. They can also girdle, or literally choke, other plants, small shrubs and large trees alike. The Great Lakes region is rich with life and full of native species well-adapted to survival. In Michigan, the ⦠Restricted in Michigan Invasive phragmites (also known as common reed) is a warm-season perennial grass with a rigid hollow stem and leaves that are flat, smooth, and green to grayish-green. Native to Eurasia, garlic mustard (sometimes called poor-man’s garlic) was intentionally introduced to the US by settlers as a food source. It’s very hardy once established, and resistant even to professional-grade herbicides, often requiring several repeated treatments over multiple seasons to fully kill. With long, wavy, almost crispy-looking (hence the Latin name) leaves, curly-leaf pondweed is able to grow several feet tall and forms dense stands and mats underwater. As it grows and spreads, oriental bittersweet blocks sunlight from other plants, preventing them from photosynthesizing. It’s able to survive winters and even water freezing just fine, often retaining its green leaves throughout. The Michigan departments of Natural Resources and Agriculture and Rural Development recently confirmed the presence of invasive mile-a-minute weed (Persicaria perfoliata) at Albion College’s Whitehouse Nature Center in Calhoun County.. Mile-a-minute weed, a fast-growing, barbed vine native to India, Asia and the Philippine Islands, was not known to be in Michigan until Doug … To tell the difference between the two, you must look at the fruits (which ripen in autumn). Carolina Fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana), 2. Because it grows early in the spring, it can grow in heavy woods, full shade, and prefers damp soils – meaning you might find it near your pond. For starters, flowering invasive plants result in pollinators visiting native plants less, which further contributes to the decline of these vital native plants. If you see acres and acres of reed canary grass, it’s almost guaranteed that they’re all connected to the same rhizomes. Subscribe to the PlayCleanGo Protector to get clear information every month on invasive species, ways they spread, hands-on tips to use when you head outdoors, and inspiring stories of how outdoor enthusiasts are making a difference. The larvae feed in tunnels in the wood of the tree branches and trunks, … It’s only been fairly recently that the two have been recognized as separate species, and as such efforts to eradicate Phragmites australis have negatively impacted native phragmites populations. Organizations Focused on Controlling Invasive/Non-Native Species. Despite their relatively small size, a single garlic mustard plant can release 3,000 seeds per season, making it difficult to spot and control until it’s larger (and has already gone to seed). The leaves of the plume poppy are lobed, light green above, and gray-green beneath. The permit allows the University of Michigan (U-M) to treat nuisance aquatic plants and algae using only herbicides registered with the MDEQ for use in lakes and ponds and only applicators with the proper certification credentials applying the chemicals to areas with standing water or to water bodies; or using a mechanical means. Areas thick with invasive species also, as mentioned above, result in many native animals moving out, which means less food for carnivorous animals, too. Absolutely do not plant phragmites, and absolutely do report it immediately if you find any. It’s often mistaken for thistle due to its flower shape and color. Curly-leaf Pondweed (Potamogeton crispus), 3. However, once established it is incredibly difficult to get rid of. Pollinators then have significantly fewer pollen and nectar options, as well as fewer host plants for their young, and in turn also decline. 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