Flowers on the eastern cottonwood species are reddish on male trees and yellowish-green on female trees. This widely planted tree has the potential to reach great heights. Eastern cottonwood is frequently planted to give quick shade near homes. City planners also use cottonwood trees for urban areas because of their hardiness, low maintenance, and ornamental look. Fremont’s cottonwood trees grow well near rivers and streams. Types of Cypress Trees: Bald Cypress, Lemon Cypress, and More (Pictures), Sago Palm: Tree Care and Growing Instructions, Maple Trees: Types, Leaves, Bark - Identification Guide (Pictures), Types of Cedar Trees with Identification Guide (Pictures, and Name) - Including False Cedar Trees, Cottonwood Trees: Facts, Identification, Pictures, Problems, and More. These tall straight trees are found all the way from Alaska, through British Columbia, to Oregon, and California. Eastern Cottonwood – Populus deltoides With a little study a mature Eastern Cottonwood is easy to distinguish with its deep, furrowed bark and large size. Cottonwood Leaf Identification masuzi January 24, 2016 0 Red alder trees vs black cottonwood red alder trees vs black cottonwood cottonwood eastern poplar uf sfrc 4 h eastern cottonwood Eastern Cottonwood is a large, fast growing species native to North America. The abundant branches are ascending above and drooping below; they are somewhat crooked and knobby. Deciduous trees are often called broadleaf trees because most shed their leaves in autumn. These fast-growing trees can reach heights of 50 ft. (15 m) in just 20 years. Cottonwood bark. Conifers are often called evergreens or needle-leaved trees (although there always exceptions). Guide to the Trees of North Georgia and Adjacent States Web Page © Richard Ware send Richard an E-mail There are some subspecies of this common poplar tree: In fall when the color of the leaves changes, the dark green foliage turns a stunning yellow. In North Carolina it is generally uncommon to occasional. Eastern cottonwood is also called Carolina poplar, eastern poplar, necklace poplar, and álamo. Eastern cottonwood grows along streams and on bottomlands from southern Quebec westward into North Dakota and southwestern Manitoba, south to central Texas, and east to northwestern Florida and Georgia. It’s natural range is throughout eastern, central and southwestern United States, and some southern parts of eastern Canada. Leaves are simple, opposite, large, and oval (almost heartshaped). Eastern Cottonwood trees are one of the largest trees in North America, up to 100 ft. high with massive trunks up to 5 ft. in diameter. May 24, 2016 - Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) is the fastest growing and largest tree found in Iowa. This giant may grow 24+" annually, once established. Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides), one of the largest eastern hardwoods, is short-lived but the fastest-growing commercial forest species in North America. (Dave Powell/USDA Forest Service/CC BY 3.0 us), (U.S. Geological Survey/Wikimedia Commons), (Bureau of Land Management/Wikimedia Commons), Cucumbertree, A Common Tree in North America, Mockernut Hickory, A Common Tree in North America, White Oak, A Common Tree in North America, Slippery Elm, A Common Tree in North America, Black Locust, a Common Tree in North America, Southern Red Oak, a Common Tree in North America, Black Oak, a Common Tree in North America, Butternut, a Common Tree in North America, American Beech, a Common Tree in North America, Scarlet Oak, A Top 100 Common Tree in North America, Water Oak, A Common Tree in North America, B.S., Forest Resource Management, University of Georgia. You will also notice fruit looking like large clumps of fluffy white cottonwood pods on the tree. 28 native deciduous trees of Eastern United States in their fall foliage. Eastern Cottonwood trees get their name from the fluffy white seeds produced by the females during early summer. For many people, the fluff from cottonwood trees is a nuisance. Ovate-shaped tree leaves can be rounded, elongated, or taper to a point. The petiole is flattened and glands are present at the top of the petiole. Login. Eastern cottonwood leaves are triangular (deltoid) with curved teeth along the edges. Young tree develop smooth yellowish-green bark which becomes dark and furrowed with age (Figure 26). There has been considerable interest in cottonwood for energy biomass, because of its high yield potential and coppicing ability. Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) is the fastest growing and largest tree found in Iowa.It is not uncommon for young trees to grow in excess of 6 feet in height each year. The eastern cottonwood is a large tree that is characteristically found in floodplains, known for colonizing open areas. On the Eastern Cottonwoods, males produce reddish catkins, while females produce yellowish-green catkins.. Black Cottonwoods produce yellow catkins on both male and female trees, while both genders of Western Cottonwoods produce red catkins. Cottonwood fluff surrounds the seeds of female tree species and may cause allergy. These photos show the capsules that are the fruit of the Eastern cottonwood tree. The light white fluffy fibers can accumulate in yards, get into homes, block drains and gutters, and clog up filters. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), cottonwoods grow in areas of full sun and in moist, well-drained sandy soil. Identification. Their botanical name is Populus deltoi . (2). Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides), one of the largest eastern hardwoods, is short-lived but the fastest-growing commercial forest species in North America. Has a bitter aspirin taste. Cottonwood trees feature male and female parts on separate trees (female trees are the ones that produce the cottony substance that gives the tree its name). One of those pioneer tree species is the Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoids Bartram ex Marshall). As with all cottonwoods, the bark has deep fissures giving it a cracked appearance. Similar to all species of cottonwood, black poplars are fast-growing trees that produce low-grade timber. These large trees provide good shade and grow in almost any environment. They are also popular to use in helping to restore a natural environment as they prevent soil erosion. Cottonwood trees are common in North America, Europe, and some parts of Asia. He is a member of the Society of American Foresters. If you want to use a cottonwood tree in landscaping, then choose the ‘Highland’ cultivar as it doesn’t produce annoying cotton fluff in the summer. Last year I was blessed with an abundance of Eastern Cottonwood from two different trees I found, one in the spring and another in the fall. My Cart. They are also fast-growing trees that are identified by their lance-shaped dark green glossy leaves, pyramidal shape, and hardiness. Eastern cottonwood (P. deltoides), nearly 30 metres (100 feet) tall, has thick glossy leaves.A hybrid between this and Eurasian black poplar (P. nigra) is P. canadensis. These flowers produce cottonwood fruits. This type of cottonwood tree is a hybrid between the eastern cottonwood and the narrowleaf cottonwood. Tree Leaf Identification. It develops a single stout trunk up to 4-6' across and forms an ovoid crown in open situations. Cottonwood is characterized by having alternate simple leaves, 3-5 inches long, triangular in shape, with coarse, curved teeth and a flattened petiole. Their flat wide edge and flat stem make them “clatter” in the wind. The tree is a hardwood and the lineal taxonomy is Magnoliopsida > Salicales > Salicaceae > Populus deltoides deltoides Bartr. The capsules have short stalks and grow on long catkins. Non-native, trees out of their natural range, cultivars Coniferous vs Deciduous Coniferous trees bear their seeds in cones and have very narrow needlelike leaves. Harnett Co., NC 6/5/05. These develop on the tree in early summer and can create a blanket of summer “snow” when they disperse in the wind. The bark is rough with deep furrows and is a gray-brown color. While the Douglas fir and Sitka spruce near the Oregon Coast are ready for high winds and unrelenting moisture, the arid ponderosa pine forests east of the Cascade Mountains have adapted to thrive in the face of dry summers and regular, low-intensity fires. Eastern Cottonwood Populus deltoides If you want to achieve quick shade in a large open space, Eastern Cottonwood is a fine choice. Eastern cottonwood is very intolerant to shade, in fact only black willow is less tolerant among the species commonly found within bottomland hardwood forests. The lightweight, rather soft wood is used primarily for core stock in manufacturing furniture and for pulpwood. It is the fastest-growing native tree in Missouri, reaching 50 feet in height and 8 inches in diameter in as little as 6 years under good conditions. Description. Zone 0 covers the harshest areas in Canada for plant species. Habitat and conservation: Occurs in moist lowlands near streams and rivers. Fire generally kills eastern cottonwood. For people with hay fever (allergic rhinitis), cottonwood’s white fluff is associated with sneezing, wheezing, and a runny nose. Identification of Fremont’s cottonwood trees is by their cordate shape leaves (heart-shape), coarsely serrated edges, and elongated smooth-edged tip. Flower: Species is dioecious; male and female as pendulous catkins, appearing before the leaves. Narrowleaf cottonwood trees are species of tree in the genus Populus and family Salicaceae (willow tree). Twig: Stout, somewhat angled and yellowish; buds are 3/4 inch long, covered with several brown, resinous scales. Scientific Name: Populus deltoides Family: Salicaceae Synonyms: Carolina Poplar, Southern Cottonwood . This cottonwood species has long buds that grow up to 3 cm and these bloom into yellowish flowers. The gently spreading shape of the tree provided shade in grasslands. wislizeni- Rio Grande cottonwood The scientific name of this cottonwood species is from the triangularly-shaped leaves. A border features close-ups of each tree's seed and foliage, listed with its common and botanical names. Eastern cottonwood trees offer fabulous fall color, with leaves shifting through shades of orange to gold. Bark: Yellowish-green and smooth on young trees but deeply furrowed in maturity. Eastern cottonwood is an exceedingly rapid-growing, moisture-loving species that is found locally in moist places and along streams and lakes throughout the state except at the higher elevations. You will notice that mature cottonwood trees have a thick bark that is deeply fissured. Massive green leaves in a triangle shape that create lush foliage. Each capsule has 3 or 4 valves. Cottonwood is a large tree with long, straight trunk and massive branches forming a rounded top. Some people describe the tree as the most hated tree in America. The leaves of this poplar are some of the largest of any of the cottonwood trees. The trunk bark of mature trees is thick, gray, and coarsely ridged. Eastern cottonwood is a large tree typically growing 20-40 meters tall, it is considered to be one of the largest North American hardwood species. Eastern Cottonwood Fruit, Photo by Paul Wray, Iowa State University. Phonetic Spelling POP-yoo-lus del-TOY-deez Description. Populus deltoides, the eastern cottonwood or necklace poplar, is a cottonwood poplar native to North America, growing throughout the eastern, central, and southwestern United States as well as the southern Canadian prairies, the southernmost part of eastern Canada, and northeastern Mexico. Rather than having a delta-shaped leaf, they have heart-shaped leaves. Cottonwood trees provide cheap timber for making pellets, boxes, crates, and also pulp for paper. The trees are notorious for fluffy strings of seeds that get carried great distances in the breeze. Picture of a Eastern Cottonwood tree, (Populus deltoides) species. Call Us: (602) 388-1529. Lanceleaf cottonwood trees grow to between 40 and 60 ft. (12 – 18 m) and have a spread of up to 40 ft. (12 m). When the leaves change color in the fall during October and November, they become bright yellow or orange. As with most species of trees in the cottonwood family, the timber is weak and the narrowleaf cottonwood tree is not commercially important. Deciduous trees are also known as hardwoods. It is a riparian zone tree which means it is mostly found in areas that form the interface between land and water … Average Dried Weight: 28 lbs/ft 3 (450 kg/m 3) Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC):.37, .45. ex Marsh. What Tree Is That? Scientific Name: Populus deltoides Family: Salicaceae Synonyms: Carolina Poplar, Southern Cottonwood . The tree is short lived, very fast growing and can take over an open area if left alone. The eastern cottonwood is a large and fast growing tree. Cottonwoods tend to grow in deep moist soils along the margins of rivers, streams, and lakes. The bark is smooth and silvery-white when young and becomes hard, gray, and deeply fissured as the tree matures. It is shade-intolerant and found on rich, moist sites often near rivers and streams. These large trees can grow to between 50 and 80 ft. (15 – 24 m). Cottonwood leaves are large, shaped like a triangle and have toothed edges. Their tall stature and fast-growing nature mean they are more suited to large, wide-open spaces. Eastern Cottonwood Tree – Populus deltoides Family Salicaceae — Willow, Cottonwood, Aspen. Eastern cottonwood is a medium-sized tree that reaches heights of 50’to 100’ in height. The name “cottonwood” refers to the fluffy down that is attached to the seeds, produced in the spring soon after pollination. All trees in Canada can be distinguished as being a conifer or deciduous tree. Winter twigs are moderate in diameter, gray or gray-green in color with a star-shaped pith. This makes it one of the largest North American hardwood trees. Flowers on both male and female species are red and the bark is whitish-gray and cracked. Eastern Cottonwood. Scientific Name: Populus deltoides. Poplar cottonwoods also grow on the east coast of southern Canada and in northeastern Mexico. Fremont’s cottonwoods grow to between 40 and 115 ft. (12 – 35 m) and they have a large spread that creates shade. Cordate (heart-shaped) large oval leaves that are up to 6” (15 cm) long and with an elongated tip. 1 Description 2 Variation 3 Ecology In this article, you will find out information about cottonwood trees. The wood is light, soft, and weak, and is dark brown in color with thick nearly white sapwood, warping badly in … As its name suggests, these poplar trees have narrow leaves when compared to other cottonwood trees. Cottonwood trees are also large shade trees and their sprawling branches have a spread of up to 113 ft. (34 m). Both male and female black poplars produce yellow catkins. The leaf shape of this popular is more heart-shaped than triangular. These hardwood trees are also found in deciduous forests. A collection of images of Populus deltoides, Eastern Cottonwood. Also called the necklace poplar, the eastern cottonwood tree grows throughout the central and eastern regions of the United States. The Eastern Cottonwood is one of the fastest-growing trees in North America. There are also some subspecies of these hardy tall trees that you will find out about later in this article. The leaf edges are slightly serrated. Needles in bundles or groups (2) 1. This widely planted tree has the potential to reach great heights. Eastern cottonwoods are dioecious, meaning trees are either male or female. Eastern cottonwood seedlings and young trees are browsed upon by a variety of mammals including rabbits, deer, and domestic livestock. The "cottony" material inside the capsule helps the wind carry the seeds. I have two of these trees and one of them is the fastest growing tree I have, far outgrowing all the other trees in just a few years. The third major cottonwood species is Fremont’s cottonwood. This cottonwood species is also classed as a riparian zone tree, meaning it thrives near rivers and streams. Watch Queue Queue Open until 5PM-Sundays 5PM. The fast growth rate of cottonwood trees and the strength of the timber means it has many uses. ... And the bud is distinctive. Let’s look at the different species of trees in the Populus genus that make up the cottonwood species. TREE BARK IDENTIFICATION white oak yellow-poplar black walnut PB1756-10M-6/05 R12-4910-053-001-05 Programs in agriculture and natural resources, 4-H youth development, family and consumer sciences, and resource development. Charitable #137708509 RR0001 Thanks for watching MiWilderness. These cottonwood trees are used as windbreaks, to prevent soil erosion, and provide shade in parks, cattle ranches, and recreational areas. It is native to eastern North America through the Midwest and Chicago region. Eastern cottonwood will tolerate almost any situation. The name “cottonwood” comes from the fluffy white substance that surrounds the seeds. ... not a common tree In Ontario, eastern cottonwood intergrades with plains cottonwood. The lightweight, rather soft wood is used primarily for core stock in manufacturing furniture and for pulpwood. It is not uncommon for young trees to grow in excess of 6 feet in height each year. Higher numbers represent more temperate areas. Needles single orflattened and scaly (3) 2. The largest specimen in Iowa is over 11 feet in diameter, 80 feet tall and more than 85 … Altitude is a primary determiner of the western boundary. Their tall stature and wide-spreading dense foliage mean they are great shade trees. is a tree identification guide from the Arbor Day Foundation, featuring an easy-to-use, step-by-step process to identify nearly any tree in North America. When trying to identify a tree by its leaves, you can also notice the venation patterns on the leaf as well as its color and size. Other species of Cottonwood are found across the United States, and it is my understanding that they are used interchangeably for medicine. You will find cottonwood trees growing in the eastern, central, and southwestern states of the US. Eastern Cottonwood. Flowers on the eastern cottonwood species are reddish on male trees and yellowish-green on female trees. Of course, the cotton fluff they shed in early summer is a problem for most people living near to cottonwood trees. These trees are usually found growing along the Mississippi and in states such as in Tennessee, Illinois, Ohio, and Indiana. Eastern cottonwood is a large, fast-growing tree found growing along streams, rivers, and lowland areas. Another way to tell this species of poplar apart from other broadleaf trees is the rustling sound the leaves make in a gentle breeze. Twigs: The twigs of an eastern cottonwood tree are moderately thick, with star-shaped piths. Also, the margins of these leaves can be smooth, serrated, notched, or lobed. It is a fast-growing, tall tree. The leaves are lanceolate and have scalloped edges. Eastern cottonwood is a large, fast-growing tree found growing along streams, rivers, and lowland areas. The Chinese necklace poplar is a delightful shade tree with large leaves and dense foliage. Each capsule has 3 or 4 valves. They are adaptable to most salt and drought situations. Insects. Monumental trees in New York Monumental trees in the United States Monumental trees … Trees are proportionately illustrated in a grove-like setting. Being a species of a poplar tree, cottonwoods are also related to aspens. The 3 main species are Populus deltoids (eastern cottonwood), Populus fremontii (Fremont’s cottonwood), and the Populus nigra (black poplar). Apart from producing a flurry of white fuzzy fluff in late spring and early summer, there are other ways to identify cottonwoods. Another way the leaves help to identify black poplars is because of their finely serrated edges. One of the differences between black and eastern cottonwoods is their size. Tree Size: 100-165 ft (30-50 m) tall, 4-6 ft (1.2-2.0 m) trunk diameter. Share your photo . A database that provides information on more than 200 native tree and shrub species, and on almost 300 insects and 200 diseases found in Canada's forests. Well suited along streams, riverbanks, swamps and in lowland, rain gardens and rural areas. Durham Co., NC 5/3/08. One of the other problems with these types of poplar trees is that they are susceptible to diseases and bugs. Some reasons why cottonwood trees are popular are that they are fast-growing, their timber is cheap, and they thrive in wetlands and arid environments. Cottonwood trees are not the ideal type of landscaping tree for small or medium-sized backyards. The capsules have short stalks and grow on long catkins. There has also been interest in growing it for inclusion in cattle feed, since it is a good source of cellulose relatively free of undesirable components, such as tannins. Mature trees with thick bark may be only scarred or top-killed. Cottonwood has been used for windbreaks and soil stabilization. Swamp cottonwoods are another species of massive tree that grows in temperate regions in North America. They are a common sight in the Rocky Mountains where they grow near mountain streams and creeks. There are only a few species of poplar trees that are classified as cottonwoods. The bark is smooth and silvery-white when young and becomes hard, gray, and deeply fissured as the tree matures. The long, reddish Tulip Tree Buds. These leaves grow alternately on branches and have a flat stem. Elongated narrow leaves that are glossy green and turn sunny yellow in the fall. Black cottonwoods only grow to about 90 ft. (27 m) high which is shorter than their North American cousins. Some types of cottonwood such as the narrowleaf and Fremont species can live for up to 150 years. The trees are also used in large parks to attract different kinds of wildlife and create windbreaks. Cottonwood trees can add 6 feet in height each year making them the fastest growing trees in North America. Cottonwood leaflets Eastern cottonwood, one of the largest eastern hardwoods, is short-lived but the fastest-growing commercial forest species in North America. This tree species occurs from Alberta east to Quebec and south to Florida, Texas, Arizona, and northern Mexico. Populus deltoids, commonly called common cottonwood is a large, fast-growing tree or shrub.This NC native plant is found at fine sandy loams or silt loams in stream banks of the piedmont and coastal plain. This huge majestic deciduous tree is also called the Alamo cottonwood as it is found in Texas and other southern US states. Leaves can grow up to 13” (35 cm) long and 10” (25 cm) wide. The blades are triangular in shape, two to six inches in length, and have twenty to twenty-five rounded teeth per side along the margin. Eastern Cottonwood Populus deltoides Willow family (Salicaceae) Description: This deciduous tree is 60-120' tall at maturity. Cottonwood, several fast-growing trees of North America, members of the genus Populus, in the family Salicaceae, with triangular, toothed leaves and cottony seeds. It is native to eastern North America through the Midwest and Chicago region. occidentalis, plains cottonwood, where the ranges overlap. TREE IDENTIFICATION KEY BEGIN HERE: Tree has needles use use CONIFEROUS TREE KEY Tree has broad leaves use DECIDUOUS TREE KEY CONIFEROUS TREE KEY 1. deltoides). Only the female species of cottonwood trees produce the white fluff for which the tree is known. The north-south distribution extends from latitude 28 N. to 46 N. It is absent from the higher Appalachian areas and from much of Florida and the Gulf Coast except along rivers. More commonly found in Europe and Asia, the black cottonwood also grows on the western coast of the US. The tree is short lived, very fast growing and can take over an open area if left alone. There is much more to identifying tree leaves than just by their shape. The eastern cottonwood can be seen throughout Minnesota's landscapes, in the urban environment as well as natural areas. The leaves are also smaller and can be diamond or triangular-shaped and grow to between 2” – 3” (5 – 8 cm) long. These are some of the largest and fastest-growing trees. These may either be gray or green in color. Janka Hardness: 430 lb f (1,910 N) Modulus of Rupture: 8,500 lb f /in 2 (58.6 MPa) Eastern cottonwood is also sometimes called southern cottonwood, Carolina poplar, eastern poplar, necklace poplar, and álamo. Eastern Cottonwood can grow to a large tree that is 65–130 feet tall and with a trunk that can be nearly 6 feet in diameter. Many of the cottonwoods grown commercially are the hybrid of eastern cottonwood and black poplar known as Hybrid black poplar or Carolina Poplar, (Populus × canadensis).