Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. See why our students love horticulture and love studying it at MSU! Word horticulture is a combination of two Latin words hortus (garden) and cultura (cultivation). Horticulture is the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants. Vegetable crops vary in kind and quality with the presence or absence of periodic dry seasons. The same can be said of taro, yams, and cassava. Horticulture also contributes to quality of life, and the beauty, sustainability and rehabilitation of our environment and the human condition (e.g., see https://www.loveyourlandscape.org/more/the-benefits-of-landscapes/). The Department of Agriculture census estimated U.S. fresh market vegetable production at 18 million metric tons and a value of nearly $12 billion in 2015. Production and consumption of high quality fruits and vegetables allows us to maintain a healthy, balanced daily diet. Plants that grow and flower in the monsoon areas, as in India, will not succeed where the climate is uniformly wet, as in Bougainville in the Solomon Islands. Principal and Director of Research, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad, 1953–60. Landscapes, Gardens and Urban Food Production, Plant and Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, Plant Breeding, Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology, Sustainable Crop Production, Food Systems and Agroecology. MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer, committed to achieving excellence through a diverse workforce and inclusive culture that encourages all people to reach their full potential. Thus, the temperate zones are very wide and the range of plants that can be grown in them is enormous, probably greater than in either the subtropical or tropical zones. Horticulture Australia is a huge industry. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Horticulturists apply knowledge, skills, and technologies to grow intensively produced plants for human food and non-food uses and for personal or social needs. The term horticulture literally means the culture of a garden. Horticulture describes the cultivation of nuts, fruits, vegetables and flowers whereas, in arable crops the useful part of the plant is usually the grain, or seed, that is produced, but can include other plant parts. The 4-H Name and Emblem have special protections from Congress, protected by code 18 USC 707. That covers a lot of ground, so to speak. Horticulture definition, the cultivation of a garden, orchard, or nursery; the cultivation of flowers, fruits, vegetables, or ornamental plants. Many kinds of beans can be grown successfully, including the French bean from the American subtropics, the many varieties of the African cowpea, and yard-long bean. Author of. Some of us choose Horticulture as a profession but everyone has horticultural experiences on … Coalition for Sustainable Agriculture concluded that too few scientists are being trained in agricultural disciplines like horticulture. Horticulture careers offer employees the opportunity to work in a variety of industries and environments. In addition, it is estimated that the global urban horticulture market is worth nearly $300 billion. Pomology deals with fruit and nut crops. Landscape horticulture is a broad category that includes plants for the landscape, including lawn turf but particularly nursery crops such as shrubs, trees, and vines. Colombo Plan Botanical Adviser to Government of Nepal, 1961–63. We work with fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, and turfgrass, in a variety of labs, fields, golf courses, and garden centers. Horticulture is the science and art involved in the cultivation, propagation, processing and marketing of ornamental plants, flowers, turf, vegetables, fruits, and nuts. They include several spinaches, of which Chinese spinach or amaranth is the best; several cabbages; Chinese onions and chives; and several gourds, cucumbers, and, where there is a dry season, watermelons. Certain strains of the cosmos plant are so sensitive to light that where the day is always about 12 hours, as near the Equator, they flower when only a few inches high; if grown near the Tropic of Cancer or the Tropic of Capricorn, they attain a height of several feet, if the seeds are sown in the spring, before flowering in the short days of autumn and winter. Production of horticultural crops The production cycle of horticultural crops varies. Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. There are over 500 jobs available and a strong growth outlook for horticulture. Horticultural therapy helps improve memory, cognitive abilities, task initiation, language skills, and socialization. HT has been defined as the use of plants and plant-based activity for the purpose of human healing and rehabilitation." Horticulture is the science, art and business of growing fruits, vegetables, turfgrass, and ornamental plants. The word is derived from the Latin hortus, “garden,” and colere, “to cultivate.” As a general term, it covers all forms of garden management, but in ordinary use it refers to intensive commercial production. Horticulture is a segment of the agriculture industry. https://www.britannica.com/science/horticulture, The Spruce - What Is the Meaning of "Horticulture? In addition, MSU has a very active Student Horticulture Association club that allows YOU to get involved in many aspects of horticulture while having fun. Horticulture is the field of study which concentrates on gardening, and the plants and biological systems which make up a garden. There is no sharp line of demarcation between the tropics and the subtropics. Horticulture is the agriculture of plants, mainly for food, materials, comfort and beauty for decoration. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Horticultural therapy (also known as social and therapeutic horticulture or STH) is defined by the American Horticultural Therapy Association (AHTA) as the engagement of a person in gardening and plant-based activities, facilitated by a trained therapist, to achieve specific therapeutic treatment goals. The 2014 U.S. Rather than staple crops, horticulture focuses on fruit, vegetables, flowers, and landscape plants. Other Words from horticulture Did You Know? For more information, visit our Careers in Horticulture page. In the Southern Hemisphere, practically all of New Zealand, a few parts of Australia, and the southern part of South America have temperate climates. : the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants. noun gardening, agriculture, cultivation, floriculture, arboriculture Available courses are in garden design and practical horticulture. Michigan is among the top 10 states in terms of employment in the green industry. Horticulture, the branch of plant agriculture dealing with garden crops, generally fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. Olericulture deals with herbaceous plants for the kitchen, including, for example, carrots (edible root), asparagus (edible stem), lettuce (edible leaf), cauliflower (edible flower buds), tomatoes (edible fruit), and peas (edible seed). HORTICULTURE. In the drier areas the pigeon pea, the soybean, the peanut (groundnut), and the Tientsin green bean are important crops. This is critical for healthy plant growth. Horticulture definition: “the art or practice of garden cultivation and management.” The role requires a deep knowledge of plant species, garden care, irrigation and pests and diseases. Students at MSU learning Plant Identification for the green industry. Horticulture studies both the science behind the garden and the aesthetics which make it appealing to look at. In addition to elevation, another determinant is the annual distribution of rainfall. NOW 50% OFF! Horticultural Careers Overview. Floriculture deals with the production of flowers and ornamental plants; generally, cut flowers, pot plants, and greenery. Thus, most parts of Europe, North America, and northern Asia are included, though some parts of the United States, such as southern Florida, are considered subtropical. In the tropics of Asia and parts of Central and South America, the dominant features of the gardens are flowering trees, shrubs, and climbers. The specialization of the horticulturist and the success of the crop are influenced by many factors. [Music] First 5 video clips of students talking about horticulture major. Britannica Kids Holiday Bundle! This diverse field offers career opportunities in a wide array of industries for students at varying levels of education. Miscellaneous crops include watercress, ginger, lotus, and bamboo. Horticulture is socially important because it improves how we use plants, for food and other human purposes, as well as repairing the environment and personal aesthetics. Plants in the temperate zones benefit from a winter resting season, which clearly differentiates them from tropical plants, which tend to grow continuously. Horticulture. Michigan ranks third in floriculture/greenhouse production, with wholesale crops valued at over $400 million, where, for example, bedding/annual garden plants account for over half of those sales – leading the U.S. A recent report out of Texas A&M University and the University of Florida concluded that the green industry in the U.S. had direct employment of 1.6 million individuals, nearly $14 billion in sales, and direct economic output of $136 billion. As the only horticulture program in the Ivy League, our faculty, staff and students work to shape the food systems and landscapes of today and tomorrow. The temperate zones are also the areas of the grasses—the finest lawns particularly are in the regions of moderate or high rainfall—and of the great cereal crops. Horticulture is the area of agriculture involving the science of growing and caring for plants. Why is horticulture important Horticulture enriches diets: Horticulture — specifically, growing fruits and vegetables — provides critical nutrients for a balanced diet. Horticulture, literally garden culture, is a part of crop agriculture that also includes agronomy and forestry. Issued in furtherance of MSU Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Horticulture is a branch of agriculture which mainly deals with the reproduction of plant life. Horticulture, the branch of plant agriculture dealing with garden crops, generally fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. Rice is excluded as being tropical, but wheat, barley, corn (maize), and rye grow well in the temperate zones. Their work involves plant propagation and cultivation with the aim of improving plant growth, yields, quality, nutritional valueand resistance to insects, diseases and environmental stresses. Technically, horticulture is the study of fruits, vegetables and landscape plants used for human consumption, garden decoration and environmental management. Researchers evaluate carrot and cherry yields, two food specialty crops. The origin of the term lies in two Latin words: hortus (meaning "garden") and cultus (which means "tilling"). The chrysanthemum flowers only in short daylight periods, although artificial lighting in nurseries can produce flowers the year round. It involves the management and cultivation of gardens and land. However, the term has taken on a broader context. Reference to commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement by MSU Extension or bias against those not mentioned. Horticulture is defined in the strict sense as the science that employs special techniques and methods to cultivate plants, including methods used to properly condition the soil for seed planting or planting tubers. The “roots” of horticultural therapy were established in the early 19th century by Dr. Benjamin Rush, a physician considered to be the first psychiatrist, and signer of … In terms of scale, horticulture falls between domestic gardening and field agriculture, though all forms of cultivation naturally have close links. A strong and sustained need for horticulture professionals exists. In the uniformly wet tropics, the choice is limited to a few root crops and still fewer greens. Nearly all depend for their success on the winter resting period. Our faculty work across New York to make discoveries and share knowledge about fruits, vegetables and landscape plants. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? By tradition, horticulture deals with garden crops such as fruits, nuts, vegetables, culinary herbs and spices, beverage crops, and medicinals, as well as ornamental plants. Another influence is the varying length of darkness and light throughout the year, so that many plants, such as chrysanthemums, have a strong photoperiodism. Horticultural workers in nurseries are involved with filling orders and packing plants for shipping. The turf industry is also considered a part of ornamental horticulture. Particular features such as rose gardens, herbaceous borders, annual borders, woodland gardens, and rock gardens are also those of temperate-zone gardens. Horticulture is an application science – the science developed by horticulturists is applied to plant production, improvement, marketing and the enhancement of Earth’s human and animal life. What is Horticulture? Another factor is the length of day, the number of hours the Sun is above the horizon; some plants flower only if the day is long, but others make their growth during the long days and flower when the day is short. The word is derived from the Latin hortus, “garden,” and colere, “to cultivate.” As a general term, it covers all forms of garden management, but in ordinary use it refers to intensive commercial production. For information about and to learn when to use horticultural sand, click on the following article. In the temperate zones are the great coniferous and deciduous forests: pine, spruce, fir, most of the cypresses, the deciduous oaks (but excluding many of the evergreen ones), ash, birch, and linden. Ornamental horticulturalists typically work at floristry stores, landscaping … Horticulture is mainly the crop cultivation. HORTICULTURE. The yam bean, a native of tropical America, is grown for its edible tuber. Horticultural sand for plants serves one basic purpose, it improves soil drainage. Horticulture is divided into the cultivation of plants for food (pomology and olericulture) and plants for ornament (floriculture and landscape horticulture). Tropical greens from the Malay Peninsula are not as good as those grown in South China, the Hawaiian Islands, and Puerto Rico. Each is concerned with growing and marketing plants and with the associated activities of flower arrangement and landscape design. Elevation is a determining factor. Interior of a commercial horticultural greenhouse. See more. While this career is similar to a landscape architect , there are fundamental differences between the two. Horticultural therapy techniques are employed to assist participants to learn new skills or regain those that are lost. Among these are climate, terrain, and other regional variations. Horticulture includes the production and use of plants for food, comfort, and beautification. The Student Horticulture Association at the homecoming parade. Horticulture is a complete science of its own as well as a full industry. Sweet potatoes grow and bear good crops where the average monthly rainfall, throughout the year, exceeds 25 cm (10 inches), but they grow even better where there is a dry season. Temperate zones for horticulture cannot be defined exactly by lines of latitude or longitude but are usually regarded as including those areas where frost in winter occurs, even though rarely. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. It is unique among plant sciences because it not only involves science and technology, but it also incorporates art and principles of design. These successful horticultural operations depend on expertise in areas such as physiology, breeding, molecular biology, pomology, viticulture, and greenhouse management to enhance yield and improve production. Most of the great gardens of the world have been developed in temperate zones. Horticultural crops are diverse; they include annual and perennial species, delicious fruits and vegetables, and decorative indoor and landscape plants. This is true in Michigan, the Great Lakes region, nationally and internationally; and is as true for small, local operations as it is for larger commercial enterprises. Practitioners of horticulture are as diverse as the crops that make up the industry and the discipline. ‘In horticulture, kiwifruit vines are trained onto pergola or T-bar support structures.’ Synonyms gardening , floriculture, arboriculture, agriculture, cultivation, cultivation of plants, garden management Just as many tropical plants can be cultivated in the subtropics, so also many subtropical and even temperate plants can be grown satisfactorily in the tropics. Ornamental horticulturist. A Modern Applied Plant Science! Jeffrey W. Dwyer, Director, MSU Extension, East Lansing, MI 48824. They work as gardeners, growers, therapists, designers, a… You might assume all careers in horticulture involve hands-on contact with all things green. Bulbs, annuals, herbaceous perennials, and deciduous trees become more frost-resistant with the fall of sap and therefore have a better chance of passing the resting season undamaged. Horticulture is the science and art of the development, sustainable production, marketing, and use of high-value, intensively cultivated food and ornamental plants. ". Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Common definitions for horticultural crops also include herbs, spices and ornamental flowers. Michigan produces over 300 commodities, making it the second most agriculturally diverse state in the nation, and exports internationally to Canada, Mexico, Japan, China, South Korea, etc. They include a wide array of individuals and groups who farm, landscape, garden, research, advise and enjoy the bounty of horticultural plants for their nourishment, health benefits and aesthetics. According to the American Society for Horticultural Science, popular careers in horticulture include golf course or garden center managers, zoo horticulturists and floral designers (www.ashs.org). Modern horticulturists follow a variety of different belief systems, but often still have elements of the polytheistic system of old. These specialty crops help sustain and enrich our lives by providing nutritious food, enhancing the beauty of our homes and communities and reducing our carbon footprint. Omissions? The Horticulture Innovation Lab focuses on horticultural crops, primarily fruits and vegetables. College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, https://www.loveyourlandscape.org/more/the-benefits-of-landscapes/, students love horticulture and love studying it at MSU. Horticulture is a broad science which has many sub-disciplines. Herbaceous plants are relatively few, but many kinds of orchids can be grown. Horticulture is the science and art of the development, sustainable production, marketing, and use of high-value, intensively cultivated food and ornamental plants. Poinsettia is a short-day plant that may be seen in flower in Singapore on any day of the year, while in Trinidad it is a blaze of glory only in late December. For horticultural purposes altitude is also a factor; the lower slopes of great mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas and the Andes, are included. Environmental horticulture (i.e., the “green industry”), is composed of careers in greenhouse production, wholesale brokers, commercial nurseries, garden centers, florists and landscape design and construction firms, as well as private and community gardens, municipal parks and state or national reserves. For example, the scarlet runner bean, a common plant in temperate regions, grows, flowers, and develops pods normally on the high slopes of Mount Meru in Africa near the Equator, but it will not set pods in Hong Kong, a subtropical situation a little south of the Tropic of Cancer but at a low elevation. Horticulture is, at the most basic level, the science or art of cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants. This information is for educational purposes only. Horticulture is the study of plant cultivation. Similarly, U.S. (non-citrus) fruit and nut production was valued at over $26 billion for approximately 22 million tons in 2014. Eggplants, peppers, and okra are widely cultivated. Ornamental horticulture Ornamental horticulture consists of floriculture and landscape horticulture. In ancient horticultural societies, the belief system was polytheistic with the primary deities focused on rain and crops. The Department of Horticulture at MSU is dedicated to providing the highest-quality education and is one of the largest horticulture programs in the U.S. As the nation’s first Horticulture Department, we are proud to maintain a tradition of excellence spanning more than 150 years. Horticulture is practiced in small scale with enclosed plots. Horticulture Definition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002 Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Definition of horticulture. According to Louisiana State University (2011), horticulture is the science and art involved in the cultivation, propagation, processing and marketing of ornamental plants, … What is Horticulture? A few parts of the north coast of the Mediterranean and the Mediterranean islands are also subtropical. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, religion, age, height, weight, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, family status or veteran status. MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer. Horticultural crops are diverse; they include annual and perennial species, delicious fruits and vegetables, and decorative indoor and landscape plants. Horticulture lighting is the method for stimulating plant growth by artificial lighting fixtures when natural light is lacking. Updates? For Sustainable agriculture concluded that too few scientists are being trained in agricultural disciplines like horticulture of... Of crop agriculture that also includes agronomy and forestry is practiced in small with! 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