Risk factors. Genco RJ, Borgnakke WS. Another common gums problem during pregnancy are the so called ‘pregnancy tumors’, large red lumps formed on inflamed gum tissue near the gum line. Other factors increasing the risk of developing periodontal disease: Risk factors that may make older people more susceptible include general health status, diminished immune status, medications, depression, worsening memory, decreased salivary flow, People with more advanced periodontal disease have been found to be at higher risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, chronic respiratory disease, pregnancy complications and dementia. Mouth breathing can cause dry mouth increasing the risk of gum disease. Not only does that appointment rid your teeth and gums of harmful bacteria, the visit also allows you to ask your dental team about your own risk factors for gum disease. Diabetes 3. Menopause is linked to a painful condition called desquamative gingivitis, where the outer layers of the gums separate from the underlying tissue, exposing nerve endings. Other risk factors include: 1. Periodontal disease can develop with or without the risk factors listed below. High levels of progesterone increase the blood flow and fluid retention of the gingival tissues causing swelling, irritation and tenderness of the gums. Box 4-1 Local Risk Factors for Periodontal Diseases Following publication of that article, Page and Martin20 introduced the Or… The list of Periodontal Gum Disease risk factors is long, but being more aware will enable you to make better choices about your oral care. Thomas M. Hassell, DDS, PhD, and . Your dentist can help you identify your risk factors and offer ways to reduce them. 1. Other dental problems. Certain medications that cause dry mouth or gum changes 11. A number of risk factors and models have been identified that can help clinicians develop a personalized periodontal treatment plan for every patient. Patients genetically susceptible to gum disease may experience periodontal health problems even if they have good oral hygiene habits. Periodontal disease is considered a disease of the poor. mainly due to lack of access to dental health care and dental insurance. Certain factors increase the risk for periodontal disease: 1. Smoking also can make treatment for gum disease less successful. Risk factors and risk assessment of periodontal disease. In addition to poor personal oral hygiene, there are a number of risk factors that may increase a patient s chances of developing periodontal disease, or gum disease. Viewed globally, the oral-health care professions face only two adversaries: dental caries and periodontal disease. 2013;62:59–94. If you have a number of risk factors, call us to schedule an appointment. The local factors include pre‐existing disease as evidenced by deep probing depths and plaque retention areas associated with defective restorations. in over 80% of patients with periodontal disease there is also at least one or more of the other predisposing risk factors. Understanding your risk is the first step in understanding your disease. Initiation and progression of periodontal infections are clearly modified by local and systemic conditions called risk factors. While the main cause of periodontal disease is plaque bacteria, many other risk factors affect your gums and how your body fights a gum infection. The gums become so loose that the outer layers can be easily rubbed away. Substance abuse 5. Several conditions can increase the susceptibility to periodontal disease, Any rise in the female hormones level makes women during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy and those using oral contraceptives more susceptible to gum diseases. However, age is only one of the risk factors of periodontal disease. Combined with an existing gum disease problem, teeth grinding and clenching can cause the faster destruction of periodontal tissues. Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease Several conditions can increase the susceptibility to periodontal disease, by either contributing to the formation of bacterial plaque or/and by reducing the body’s … Low income population, ethnic minorities and the elderly show the higher incidence of gum disease, mainly due to lack of access to dental health care and dental insurance. Bridges that no longer fit properly 11. However, assessment of oral health history including periodontal status in COVID-19 patients has not been reported. Many risk factors increase the likelihood of periodontal disease development, as well as the severity and speed at which it may occur. Poor oral hygiene due to morning sickness, and increased vomiting that irritates gums can further worsen the problem. Global risk factors and risk indicators for periodontal diseases. Substance abuse 7. Uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis from November 2015 to March 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Smoking or chewing tobacco 7. However, the more risk factors you have, the greater your likelihood of developing periodontal disease. Trisha O`Hehir, RDH, BS. The risk factors for periodontal diseases can be classified broadly into two categories: modifiable risk factors and non-modifiable risk factors. Tobacco use is one of the most significant risk factors in the development and progression of periodontal diseases. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Risk factors include genetics, ethnicity, advancing age, smoking, diabetes, specific medications, impaired nutrition, poor oral hygiene, poor dental restorations, hormonal variations, immunocompromised status, connective tissue diseases and previous history of periodontal disease. In contrast, a longitudinal study involving an elderly Scandinavian population (age 75 or older) demonstrated stable periodontal … Genetics 3. Underlying immuno-deficiencies—e.g., AIDS 8. Smoking/Vaping: This is the strongest environmental risk factor for periodontal disease. Low income population, ethnic minorities and the elderly show the higher incidence of gum disease, Other factors increasing the risk of developing periodontal … Genetics 10. Risk factors for periodontal disease. A diet low in important nutrients can reduce the ability of the immune system to fight infections, therefore making it easier for dental plaque to cause gum disease. Crooked teeth 7. Poor oral health habits 3. 2250 Millennium Way Suite 101, Enola, PA 17025, Implants: The Look & Feel of Natural Teeth, The Role of Periodontal Care in Diabetes Management, Flossing & Gum Health: Tips to Make Flossing a Habit. Poor oral hygiene 4. Modifiable risk factors are usually environmental or behavioral in nature, whereas non-modifiable risk factors are usually intrinsic to the individual and therefore can not be easily changed. Female hormonal changes, such as with pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptives In 2002, Page et al19 published a periodontal risk calculator that included more than 10 risk factors, including smoking, age, diabetic condition, history of periodontal procedures, probing depth, BOP, type of restorations and bone height, among others. We can help through providing customized dental treatment plans that can help to reduce the chances of developing periodontal disease, or which can manage this condition. Stress 5. Smoking or chewing tobacco 4. Heredity 6. In fact, 70.1% of adults65 years and older have periodontal disease. Stress also is a risk factor for periodontal disease. Certain contributing risk factors include tobacco use, health conditions such as diabetes, and certain hormonal changes … But all risk factors are not created equal. To explore the characteristics and relevant risk factors of periodontal disease (PD) among hemodialysis patients. Implants in function for a significant number years can develop peri-implantitis. There are a number of risk factors for gum disease, but smoking is the most significant. Socioeconomic Status – Lack of access to care increase risk of oral disease. Periodontal disease is considered a disease of the poor. Therefore such a plan could involve stopping smoking, changing medications, dietary and oral hygiene habits, correcting faulty restorations or treating malocclusion, in addition Clenching or grinding teeth can put the supporting tissues of the teeth under excessive force, damaging the periodontal ligament structures. Emotional stress may have negative effects on immune system, increasing the potential of a bacterial infection to develop and cause periodontal disease. The most common risk factors for developing gum disease are: Several studies indicate that may persons have a predisposal to gum disease. The good news is that the list of acknowledged and proven periodontal risk factors is relatively short and well-understood. While poor oral hygiene and the overgrowth of certain types of harmful bacteria These factors should be investigated during a thorough dental examination of the patient (Box 4-1). Socioeconomic Factors. One of the best ways to reduce your risk of periodontal disease is to visit your dental office regularly for professional dental cleanings and examination. A diet rich in sugars or acids can provide the suitable environment for bacterial overgrowth, promoting gum disease. Older age 5. Gum Disease Risk Factors. by either contributing to the formation of bacterial plaque or/and by reducing the body’s ability to respond to bacterial infections. Almost 70% of patients who have periodontal disease are smokers, current or past. Obesity could be a potential risk factor for periodontal disease especially among younger individuals. Identification through genetic testing that a patient is in this high risk group should be followed by early interventive treatment to help them keep their teeth. Obesity 8. Risk Factors for developing Periodontal Disease, Bridges that no longer fit properly trap food debris and allow dental plaque to accumulate and grow between the crown and gums, Malocclusion - Crooked teeth make difficult the removal of dental plaque. On the one hand, the … are the main causes of gum disease, K Post Graduate Mamata Dental College 2. Understanding the etiology of periodontitis: an overview of periodontal risk … References. While some risk factors can be eliminated or modified, others cannot such as genetics. … This condition occurs when bacteria gather in pockets in your gums. This risk may be as high as 7 to 20 %. Smoking 2. These risk factors are modifiable and their management is a major component of the contemporary care of many periodontal patients. Periodontol 2000. Risk factors are defined as “any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.”9World Health Organization. Conditions that cause decrea… All rights reserved. The risk factors for developing these diseases are prior history of periodontitis, poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, implant cement beyond the margin of the crown, occlusal overload and genetic factors. This means that each person has their own level of risk for periodontal disease. Start studying Risk factors for Periodontal Disease. As already stated, the non-modifiable risk factors are also referred to as ri… Any plan for the prevention or treatment of periodontal diseases should target to eliminate or control as many risk factors and causes of gum disease as possible. Since inflammatory and dysbiotic factors as well as comorbidities affect systemic health, it is possible that periodontal status indicates the risk of complication of COVID-19. functional impairments and change in financial status. Periodontal Disease Risk Factors. Periodontal disease affects millions of Americans each year. Poor oral health habits 6. Stress is linked to many serious conditions such as hypertension, cancer, and numerous other health problems. Tobacco’s negative effects on periodontal health are well documented. Risk Factors of Periodontal Disease: Review of the Literature Yousef A. AlJehani Dental Health Department, Colleg e of Applied Medical Sciences, K ing Saud University, P .O. Smoking dries the mouth, which is … The information contained in the DentalDiseases.org Site, such as text, images, and other material is provided for informational purposes only. Gingivitis 2. Ce… Did you know that 37 million Americans have some level of gum disease? 2002;29:177-206. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0757.2002.290109.x. The aging process itself is suggested to be an independent risk factor for periodontal diseases (Papapanou et al., 1989). Available at: https://www.who.int/topics/risk_factors/en/. 26-28 Periodontal disease is generally due to bacteria in the mouth infecting the tissue around the teeth. Research has demonstrated that obesity will increase the risk for hypertension, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, CVD, respiratory problems, and endometrial, breast, prostate, and colon cancers.1 It has also been demonstrated in a recent research study that obesity also increases the risk for periodontal disease, and it may be insulin … Multiple risk factors do not increase the risk in an additive manner, but rather in an exponential manner. Research demonstrates that stress can make it more difficult for the body to fight off infection, including periodontal diseases. Taking medications that cause dry mouth 10. Among the most common are: heredity, smoking, diabetes, stress, medication, nutrition, poor oral hygiene, faulty dentistry, hormonal variations, immunocompromise, connective tissue diseases, … The inflammation of the gums in combination with poor oral hygiene can cause severe periodontal disease. If you are at risk for periodontal disease, your dental office may refer you to a periodontist in Central PA who can help you reduce risk and improve your oral health. Fillings that have become defective 9. Author Jasim M Albandar. According to the CDC, periodontal disease increased with age. In fact, smoking may be responsible for more than half of the cases of periodontal diseases among adults in the United States. to conventional treatments for gum disease such as tooth scaling and root planning or gum surgery treatments. In presence of any of these risk factors, extra care must be taken including careful oral hygiene and regular dental visits in order to avoid the development of periodontal diseases. Although men and women of all ages suffer from the condition, there are certain factors that can dramatically raise your risk of developing periodontal disease. Inadequate nutrition 4. Genetic causes are also linked with some rare early onset types of periodontal diseases in younger age patients with otherwise good oral health. Using a computer-based system, risk was established on a scale of 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest). Factors that can increase your risk of periodontitis include: 1. Nunn ME. Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease Many risk factors increase the likelihood of periodontal disease development, as well as the severity and speed at which it may occur. Hormonal changes (sometimes caused by pregnancy or menopause) 2. Local risk factors can increase the risk of periodontal disease development and progression principally by acting as plaque retention factors. These hereditary causes of gum disease involve several immune system defects that reduce the body’s ability to fight the anaerobic bacteria responsible for causing plaque and periodontal disease. CONTENTS.. INTRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES CLASSIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS RISK ELEMENTS FOR PERIODONTAL DISEASE RISK ASSESSMENT 3. The role of genetic factors in aggressive … Researchers have found periodontal bacteria in … Factors that increase the risk of disease include smoking, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, family history, and certain medications. Hormonal changes, such as those related to pregnancy or menopause 6. Presented by Dr. Guru Ram Tej. Genetic factors also play a role in periodontal disease and allow one to target individuals for prevention and early detection. This can result in a Pre-Term Low Birth Weight Baby. Dry mouth helps bacterial growth by increasing the level of mouth’s pH due to reduced flow of saliva that plays a regulatory role. Patients were divided into a PD group and a non-PD group. We can advise you on what you can do to reduce your risk. Global risk factors and risk indicators for periodontal diseases Periodontol 2000. 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