After Saul and Jonathan are killed in battle, David is anointed as King. King David playing the harp, ceiling fresco from Monheim Town Hall, home of a wealthy Jewish merchant. His life was filled with much happiness and much pain. David Riesman, (born September 22, 1909, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.—died May 10, 2002, Binghamton, New York), American sociologist and author most noted for The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American Character (with Reuel Denney and Nathan Glazer, 1950), a work dealing primarily with the social character of the urban middle class. According to the biblical account, David was proclaimed king in Hebron. [83] In 2019, high-resolution photographs were taken of both the inscription itself, and the 19th-century original squeeze of the then still intact stele. [100], Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman reject the idea that David ruled over a united monarchy, suggesting instead that he ruled only as a chieftain over the southern kingdom of Judah, much smaller than the northern kingdom of Israel at that time. Commentary on II Samuel 22, The Anchor Bible, Vol. The authors of the biblical accounts (in 1 and 2 Samuel) of David’s political career display a deep insight into the character of a man who could make an indelible personal impression in a specific situation. David is richly represented in post-biblical Jewish written and oral tradition, and is discussed in the New Testament. He is honored in the prophetic literature as an ideal king and the forefather of a future Messiah, and many psalms are ascribed to him.[7]. [10], David is described as cementing his relations with various political and national groups through marriage. Meanings and history of the name David. (nautical, construction) A crane, often working in pairs and usually made of steel, used to lower things over an edge of a long drop off, such as lowering a maintenance trapeze down a building or launching a lifeboat over the side of a ship. Emeritus Professor of Theology, Marquette University, Milwaukee. [64] Thanks to Hushai, a friend of David who was ordered to infiltrate Absalom's court to successfully sabotage his plans, Absalom's forces are routed at the battle of the Wood of Ephraim, and he is caught by his long hair in the branches of a tree where, contrary to David's order, he is killed by Joab, the commander of David's army. [91], The authors and editors of Samuel and Chronicles did not aim to record history, but to promote David's reign as inevitable and desirable, and for this reason there is little about David that is concrete and undisputed. [50] David wins additional victories over the Philistines, Moabites, Edomites, Amalekites, Ammonites and king Hadadezer of Aram-Zobah, after which they become tributaries. [63] Lemaire, Andre (1999). [52][53][54] The text in the Bible does not explicitly state whether Bathsheba consented to sex. Welsh Baby Names Meaning: David conquers Jerusalem, taking the Ark of the Covenant into the city, and establishing the kingdom founded by Saul. Later, David wanted Michal back and Abner, Ish-bosheth's army commander, delivered her to David, causing her husband (Palti) great grief. David Ann). [116] The Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches celebrate the feast day of the "Holy Righteous Prophet and King David" on the Sunday of the Holy Forefathers (two Sundays before the Great Feast of the Nativity of the Lord), when he is commemorated together with other ancestors of Jesus. After Saul and Jonathan are killed in battle, David is anointed as King. David was made God's "vicegerent on earth" (38:26) and God further gave David sound judgment (21:78; 37:21–24, 26) as well as the Psalms, regarded as books of divine wisdom (4:163; 17:55). This gained him the attention of King Saul, for whom he played the harp and fought the Philistines. [34] From there he takes refuge in the mountainous Wilderness of Ziph. [42] Jonathan and Saul are killed in battle,[43] and David is anointed king over Judah. [31] He goes next to the cave of Adullam, where his family join him. According to Mazar, based on archeological evidences, the United Monarchy can be described as a "state in development". This aspect of David in the Nine Worthies was popularised firstly through literature, and was thereafter adopted as a frequent subject for painters and sculptors. John Bright, in his History of Israel (1981), takes Samuel at face value. Joyful, Playful. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [110] Also, according to the Talmud Yerushalmi, David was born and died on the Jewish holiday of Shavuot (Feast of Weeks). David Walker, African American abolitionist whose pamphlet Appeal…to the Colored Citizens of the World… (1829), urging slaves to fight for their freedom, was one of the most radical documents of the antislavery movement. January 2010; DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4_3. [47] He brings the Ark of the Covenant to the city,[48] intending to build a temple for God, but the prophet Nathan forbids it, prophesying that the temple would be built by one of David's sons. David realises he has an opportunity to kill Saul, but this is not his intention: he secretly cuts off a corner of Saul's robe, and when Saul has left the cave he comes out to pay homage to Saul as the king and to demonstrate, using the piece of robe, that he holds no malice towards Saul. He spies a woman, Bathsheba, bathing and summons her; she becomes pregnant. He defeated the Philistines so thoroughly that they were never again a serious threat to the Israelites’ security, and he annexed the coastal region. According to the Bible, David grew up in the rugged Judean hills around the Israelite town of Bethlehem, a few miles south of what was then the Canaanite stronghold of Jerusalem. [55][56][57][58] David calls her husband, Uriah the Hittite, back from the battle to rest, hoping that he will go home to his wife and the child will be presumed to be his. He went on to become the overlord of many small kingdoms bordering Israel. "[60] When David acknowledges that he has sinned,[61] Nathan advises him that his sin is forgiven and he will not die,[62] but the child will. David is the name given to two sculptures by the early-Renaissance Italian sculptor, Donatello. It was initially thought that there was no evidence outside of the Bible concerning David, but the Tel Dan Stele, an inscribed stone erected by a king of Damascus in the late 9th/early 8th centuries BCE to commemorate his victory over two enemy kings, contains the phrase in Hebrew: ביתדוד‎, bytdwd, which most scholars translate as "House of David". The relief is damaged and interpretation is uncertain. The Wilmot Proviso was designed to eliminate slavery within the land acquired as a result of the Mexican War (1846-48). David, (flourished c. 1000 bce ), second king of ancient Israel. His life was filled with much happiness and much pain. ; A patronymic surname common in Wales, in honor of the ancient Saint David of Wales. The statue was commissioned for one of the buttresses of the cathedral of Florence and was carved from a block of marble that had been partially blocked out by other sculptors and left outdoors. Meaning & History From the Hebrew name דָּוִד (Dawid), which was derived from Hebrew דּוֹד (dod) meaning "beloved" or "uncle". 2.1. Those actions eventually ensured that he would be “invited” to become king as the true successor of Saul after the latter was slain in battle against the Philistines on Mount Gilboa. He defeated the Philistines so thoroughly that they never seriously threatened the Israelites’ security again, and he annexed the coastal region. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? Others assert that the archaeological record strongly suggests that David was not the grand ruler of a rising kingdom but merely a gifted tribal leader of a pastoral, rather than urban, society. [87], Apart from these, all that is known of David comes from the biblical literature. As Israel’s second king, David built a small empire. Star of David definition is - magen david. [85][86] However, a different team of researchers concluded from the new images that the ruler's name contained three consonants and started with a bet, which excludes the reading "House of David" and, in conjunction with the monarch's city of residence "Horonaim" in Moab, makes it likely that the one mentioned is King Balak, a name also known from the Hebrew Bible. Mighty King, Conquring Warrior. David is a 5.17-metre (17.0 ft) marble statue of the Biblical figure David, a favoured subject in the art of Florence. David's son Absalom schemes to overthrow David. [89] The authors and editors of Samuel drew on many earlier sources, including, for their history of David, the "history of David's rise" (1 Samuel 16:14–2, 5:10), and the "succession narrative" (2 Samuel 9–20 and 1 Kings 1–2). [97], Some studies of David have been written: Baruch Halpern has pictured David as a lifelong vassal of Achish, the Philistine king of Gath;[98] Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman have identified as the oldest and most reliable section of Samuel those chapters which describe David as the charismatic leader of a band of outlaws who captures Jerusalem and makes it his capital. Abraham definition is - an Old Testament patriarch regarded by Jews as the founder of the Hebrew people through his son Isaac and by Muslims as the founder of … Saul offered David his oldest daughter, Merab, a marriage which David respectfully declined. David’s wives were mostly completely alien to one another, and his children were without the directing support of established social patterns that provided precedents for the resolution of conflict or for establishing the rights of succession. A solid, pyramid-like hummock o… David was considered as a model ruler and a symbol of divinely-ordained monarchy throughout medieval Western Europe and Eastern Christendom. [39], In 1 Samuel 27:1–4, Saul ceases to pursue David because David took refuge a second[40] time with Achish, the Philistine king of Gath. https://www.britannica.com/biography/David, Jewish Virtual Library - Biography of King David, British Broadcasting Corporation - Biography of David, Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of King David, David - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Study of King David, by Julia Margaret Cameron. Together with Solomon, David gave judgment in a case of damage to the fields (21:78) and David judged the matter between two disputants in his prayer chamber (38:21–23). In the Books of Samuel, David is a young shepherd who gains fame first as a musician and later by killing the enemy champion Goliath. [citation needed], The concept of the Messiah is important in Christianity. David was the second and greatest of the kings of Israel, ruling in the 10th century BC. In this context, the King of Spades was often known as "David".[136][137]. Michelangelo Buonarroti (Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni) was born on March 6, 1475, in Caprese, Italy. [11] In 1 Samuel 17:25, it states that King Saul had said that he would make whoever killed Goliath a very wealthy man, give his daughter to him and declare his father's family exempt from taxes in Israel. [23], After God sends an evil spirit to torment Saul, his servants recommend that he send for a man skilled in playing the lyre. According to one tradition, David was raised as the son of his father Jesse and spent his early years herding his father's sheep in the wilderness while his brothers were in school. David, marble sculpture executed from 1501 to 1504 by the Italian Renaissance artist Michelangelo. Biblical: one of the most remarkable personalities in the Scriptures.David was a shepherd, musician, poet, soldier, statesman, prophet, and king. [25] David, sent by his father to bring provisions to his brothers serving in Saul's army, declares that he can defeat Goliath. Would I had died instead of you, O Absalom, my son, my son! Fact: David was a common name of Scottish kings in the Middle Ages. David Livingstone was a Scottish missionary, abolitionist and physician known for his explorations of Africa, having crossed the continent during the mid-19th century. What does David mean? Author of Revelation in Jewish Wisdom Literature. David was the first king in Jerusalem whose reign was later looked back on as a golden era. After Saul tried to kill him, David fled and became a leader of outlaws. Michael Langlois, 2019; The Kings, The City, and the House of David on the Mesha Stele in Light of New Imaging Techniques; Semitica, Vol. According to biblical tradition (and some say myth), David (c. 1035 - 970 BCE) was the second king in the ancient United Kingdom of Israel who helped establish the eternal throne of God. Twenty-fourth Dynasty of EgyptTefnakht Bakenranef, (Sargonid dynasty)Tiglath-Pileser† Shalmaneser† Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon† Sennacherib† Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi† Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon† Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II, Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes, "King David" redirects here. [71] David dies at the age of 70 after reigning for 40 years,[72] and on his deathbed counsels Solomon to walk in the ways of God and to take revenge on his enemies. When David was born in Bet Lechem, in the land of Yehuda, (in the year 2854 after Creation), he was only ten generations removed from Judah, one of Jacob 's twelve sons.. David belonged to the princely family of his tribe, which gave the Jewish people princes and leaders. [51], During a siege of the Ammonite capital of Rabbah, David remains in Jerusalem. [68] David returns to Gilgal and is escorted across the River Jordan and back to Jerusalem by the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. Some scholars claim to have discovered artifacts that corroborate the biblical account of David’s kingdom. Achish believes that David had become a loyal vassal, but he never wins the trust of the princes or lords of Gath, and at their request Achish instructs David to remain behind to guard the camp when the Philistines march against Saul. Who is extremely good at mostly anything he does and won't admit it. Another difference between the two groups … davit (plural davits) 1. There he studied Latin andGreek, read wi… Mender of things broken. Swedish Baby Names Meaning: In Swedish Baby Names the meaning of the name David is: Beloved. David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said, The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue. The two are thus reconciled and Saul recognises David as his successor. A fragment from a stone stele mentioning the “House of David” (a reference to his political dynasty) was inscribed more than a century after the traditional date of his reign and is not accepted by all scholars. King David, stained glass windows from the Romanesque Augsburg Cathedral, late 11th century. Creator of beautiful music. Before his peaceful death, he chooses his son Solomon as successor. [49] Nathan also prophesies that God has made a covenant with the house of David stating, "your throne shall be established forever". His life was thus proposed as a valuable subject for study by those aspiring to chivalric status. In 1408, the artist was tasked to carve a marble statue of David, who was a biblical character that fought courageously against the gigantic Goliath. [119] Likewise, kings of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty frequently connected themselves to David; Charlemagne himself occasionally used the name of David as his pseudonym. Originally an earthly king ruling by divine appointment ("the anointed one", as the title Messiah had it), the "son of David" became in the last two pre-Christian centuries the apocalyptic and heavenly one who would deliver Israel and usher in a new kingdom. He came from a“good family” (MOL 2)—socially well connected butnot wealthy. Biblical: one of the most remarkable personalities in the Scriptures.David was a shepherd, musician, poet, soldier, statesman, prophet, and king. A former shepherd, David was renowned for his passion for God, his touching psalms and musical abilities, his inspiring courage and expertise in warfare, his good looks and illicit relationship with Bathsheba, and his ancestral connections to Jesu… Because David shed much blood,[6] God denies David the opportunity to build the temple. Hebrew: דָּוִד‎, Modern: David, Tiberian: Dāwîḏ has the meaning of "beloved", from a root דּוֹד dôwd, which had an etymological meaning of "to boil", but survives in Biblical Hebrew only in figurative usage "to love" and … A man of honor. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Worried that David is trying to take his throne, Saul turns on David. In the Books of Samuel, David is a young shepherd who gains fame first as a musician and later by killing the enemy champion Goliath.He becomes a favorite of King Saul and a close friend of Saul's son Jonathan. [20], God is angered when Saul, Israel's king, unlawfully offers a sacrifice[21] and later disobeys a divine command both to kill all of the Amalekites and to destroy their confiscated property. Three major cities of the Philistines were Ashdod, Ashkelon, and Gaza, where the temple of Dagon was located. Magen David definition is - a hexagram used as a symbol of Judaism. "Why King David is one of the Bible's most compelling characters", "JESSE'S SONS—How many sons did Jesse, King David's father, have? David is a common masculine given name of Biblical Hebrew origin, as King David is a figure of central importance in the Hebrew Bible and in Christian, Jewish, and Islamic religious tradition. Emeritus Professor of Old Testament Theology, University of Chicago. The Psalms are also attributed to him, a tribute to his legendary skill as a poet and hymnodist. David has been depicted several times in films; these are some of the best-known: For a considerable period, starting in the 15th century and continuing until the 19th, French playing card manufacturers assigned to each of the court cards names taken from history or mythology. Swedish Baby Names Meaning: In Swedish Baby Names the meaning of the name David is: Beloved. Material evidence for his reign, while a matter of intense debate among scholars, is scant. D avid as a boys' name is pronounced DAY-vid.It is of Hebrew origin, and the meaning of David is "beloved". Must this man come into my house? Along with that ability to exploit the immediate situation in the service of his momentary requirements, he possessed the knack of making his conduct in particular situations serve his persistent and long-range aims. "[66] until Joab persuades him to recover from "the extravagance of his grief"[67] and to fulfill his duty to his people. [99] Steven McKenzie, Associate Professor of the Hebrew Bible at Rhodes College and author of King David: A Biography, argues that David came from a wealthy family, was "ambitious and ruthless" and a tyrant who murdered his opponents, including his own sons. All Israel loves David, but his popularity causes Saul to fear him ("What else can he wish but the kingdom?"). The Ark is brought to Jerusalem (1896 Bible card illustration by the Providence Lithograph Company). The Philistines are most familiar with the Biblical story of David and Goliath, where the Philistines, neighbors of Israel, are fighting the men of King Saul, including the future King David. Scottish: Beloved or friend, adopted from the Hebrew. [73], The Book of Samuel calls David a skillful harp (lyre) player[75] and "the sweet psalmist of Israel. [118] The Georgian Bagratids and the Solomonic dynasty of Ethiopia claimed a direct biological descent from him. He is an important figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. [35], Jonathan meets with David again and confirms his loyalty to David as the future king. The youngest son of Jesse, David began his career as an aide at the court of Saul, Israel’s first king. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Updates? American: Beloved. The resultant family was an extreme departure from the family in the consanguineal context, the traditional clan structure. [18] By Bathsheba, his sons were Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, and Solomon. Some scholars suggest that this shape might have been used as an ornament in synagogues, even before its religious connotations were formed. Star of David, Jewish symbol composed of two overlaid equilateral triangles that form a six-pointed star. [30] Saul plots his death, but Saul's son Jonathan, one of those who loves David, warns him of his father's schemes and David flees. ", Other translations say, "the hero of Israel's songs," "the favorite singer of Israel," "the contented psalm writer of Israel," and "Israel's beloved singer of songs.". His voice is described as having had a captivating power, weaving its influence not only over man but over all beasts and nature, who would unite with him to praise God.[122]. Italian sculptor david definition history Donatello join him of Theology, Marquette University, Milwaukee suggestions to improve this article ( login! Jebusite stronghold, and Islam 35 ], Beyond this, the Brother of the name given to sculptures... Expressed remorse over his transgressions and sought forgiveness of Hebrew origin, and the Solomonic dynasty Ethiopia. David Vincent writes in his history of the name David tie together the various groups that constituted kingdom! 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